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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Antidote used for lead poisoning
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Dimercaprol, EDTA
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Antidote used in poisonings: copper (Wilson's disease), lead, mercury, and arsenic
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Penicillamine
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Antidote used for digitalis toxicity
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Digibind (also need to d/c digoxin, normalize K+, and lidocaine if pt. is arrhythmic)
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Pyrimidine analog that causes "Thymine-less death" given with leucovorin rescue
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5-flouracil (5-FU)
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Drug used in cancer therapy causes Cushing-like symptoms
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Prednisone
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MOA of cisplatin
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Alkylating agent
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Common toxicities of cisplatin
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Nephro and ototoxicity
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Analog of hypoxanthine, needs HGPRTase for activation
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6-mercaptopurine (6-MP)
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Microtubule inhibitor that causes peripheral neuropathy, foot drop (eg. ataxia), and "pins and needles" sensation
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Vincristine
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Toxicities include nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity, leading to a severe interaction with aminoglycosides
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Cisplatin
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Nitrosoureas with high lipophilicity, used for brain tumors
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Carmustine (BCNU) and lomustine (CCNU)
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Somatostatin (SRIF) analog used for acromegaly, carcinoid, glucagonoma and other GH producing pituitary tumors
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Octreotide
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GnRH agonist used for infertility or different types of CA depending on pulsatile or steady usage respectively
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Leuprolide
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Vitamins containing iron should NOT be taken simultaneously with levothyroxine because
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Iron deiodinates thyroxine
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Used for Addison's disease , Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) , inflammation, allergies, and asthma (as a local inhalation)
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Glucocorticoids
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Inhibits conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone therefore inhibiting corticosteroid synthesis
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Aminoglutethimide
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MOA of Bisphosphonates
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Inhibits osteoclast bone resorption
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Most common side effect of 1st generation antihistamines
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Sedation
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MOA of penicillin
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Block cell wall synthesis by inhibiting peptidoglycan cross-linkage
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Two toxicities of aminoglycosides
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nephro and ototoxicity
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Benzodiazepine with useful relaxant effects in skeletal muscle spasticity of central origin
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Diazepam
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Rate limiting step of alcohol metabolism
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Aldehyde dehydrogenase
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The most common neurologic abnormality in chronic alcoholics
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Peripheral neuropathy (also excessive alcohol use is associated with HTN, anemia, and MI)
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This produces "dissociative anesthesia ", is a cardiovascular stimulant which may increase intracranial pressure, and hallucinations occur during recovery
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Ketamine
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Local anesthetic with vasoconstrictive property, favored for head, neck, and pharyngeal surgery
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Cocaine
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Ergot alkaloid that is a partial agonist at D2 receptors in the brain, used for patients who are refractory or cannot tolerate levodopa, causes erythromelalgia
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Bromocriptine
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Inhibitors of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), used as adjuncts in Parkinson's dx and cause acute hepatic failure (monitor LFT's)
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Tolcapone
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Antidepressant associated with neuroleptic malignant syndrome
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Amoxapine
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Treatment for opioid addiction
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Methadone, followed by slow dose reduction
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THC is active ingredient, SE's include impairment of judgment, and reflexes, decreases in blood pressure and psychomotor performance occur
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Marijuana
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This agent regenerates active cholinesterase and is a chemical antagonist used to treat organophosphate exposure
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Pralidoxime
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Only member of depolarizing neuromuscular blocker, causes fasciculation during induction and muscle pain after use; has short duration of action
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Succinylcholine
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Agent used in shock because it dilates coronary arteries and increases renal blood flow
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Dopamine
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Nonselective alpha-blocking drug, long acting and irreversible, and used to treat pheochromocytoma. Blocks 5-HT, so occasionally used for carcinoid tumor. Blocks H1 and used in mastocytosis
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Phenoxybenzamine
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Nonselective alpha-blocking drug, short acting and reversible, used for rebound HTN from rapid clonidine withdrawal, and Raynaud's phenomena
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Phentolamine
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This diuretic decreases aqueous secretion due to lack of HCO3- ion. Causes drowsiness and paresthesias, alkalinization of the urine may precipitate calcium salts, hypokalemia, acidosis
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Acetazolamide
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Direct vasodilator of arteriolar smooth muscle
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Hydralazine
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MOA of loop diuretics
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inhibits Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransport
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Aminoglycosides used with loop diuretics potentiate adverse effect
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Ototoxicity
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MOA of thiazide diuretics
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Inhibit Na+/Cl- cotransport
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Used for SIADH
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Demeclocycline
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Class II antiarrhythmics are
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B-blockers
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MOA of class III antiarrhythmics
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Potassium channel blockers
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Specific pharmacokinetic characteristic of amiodarone (class III)
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Prolonged half-life, up to six weeks
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Drug used supraventricular arrhythmias
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Digoxin
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DOC for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT)
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Adenosine
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Antidote for digoxin toxicity
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Digibind
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SE of heparin
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Heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)
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MOA of aspirin
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Irreversibly blocks cyclooxygenase
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MOA of lovastatin (STATIN)
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inhibits HMG COA reductase
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SE of HMG COA reductase inhibitors
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Rhabdomyolysis and Hepatotoxicity
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Concurrent use of fibrates and statins increases risk of
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Rhabdomyolysis
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NSAID available orally, IM and ophthalmically
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Ketoralac
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Anti-rheumatic agent also used for ulcerative colitis
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Sulfasalazine
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DOC for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia; has high efficacy and short duration of action
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Adenosine
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SE for Lamotrigine [anti-seizure drug]
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Stevens-Johnson syndrome
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Agent [antipsychotic] more frequently associated with
extrapyramidal side effects that can be treated with benzodiazepine, diphenhydramine or muscarinic blocker |
Haloperidol
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Agent to treat torsades de pointes
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Magnesium sulfate
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Amount of drug necessary to elicit a biologic effect;
refers to the drug's strength |
Potency
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Antidote used for cyanide poisoning
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Nitrites
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Antidote used for iron salt toxicity
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Deferoxamine
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Anticancer drug also used in RA, produces acrolein
in urine that leads to hemorrhagic cystitis |
Cyclophosphamide
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Long acting glucocorticoids
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Betamethasone and dexamethasone
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Antiprogestin used as potent antagonist of GC [glucocorticoid] receptor
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Mifepristone
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Names of three bisphosphonates available IV
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Pamidronate, zoledronate, ibandronate
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MOA of corticosteroids
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Inhibits phospholipase A2
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Type of resistance found with vancomycin
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Point mutation
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PCN active against pseudomonas
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ceftazidime, imipenem, piperacillin and
ticarcillin |
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Treatment of resistant pseudomembranous colitis
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ORAL vancomycin
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Neurologic SE of benzodiazepines
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Anterograde amnesia
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Benzodiazepine that is used for anesthesia
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Midazolam
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Agents that inhibit acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
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Disulfiram, metronidazole, certain sulfonylureas and cephalosporins
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MOA for Ethosuximide
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Ca++ channels
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SE for Felbamate [anti-seizure drug]
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Aplastic anemia and acute hepatic failure
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Sedation is a common side effect of these drugs,
they lower seizure threshold, uses include BAD, acute panic attacks, phobias, enuresis, and chronic pain and their overdose can be deadly |
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA)
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