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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which two inflammatory chemicals does histamine activate?
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leukotrienes and prostaglandins
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What time of day should oral glucocorticoids be given?
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Morning
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How do steroid drugs affect potassium levels?
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lower potassium levels
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Is sinusitis usually caused by gram-positive or –negative bacteria?
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Gram-negative (streptococci)
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what bacteria cause most sinusitis, and are they gram-negative or -positive?
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streptococci, gram-negative
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which penicillins should be taken with food?
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Pen V and amoxicillin
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Gray furry tongue indicates bacterial or viral Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis?
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bacterial
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What will you see in bacterial Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis that won’t be present in viral?
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swollen uvula, whitish spots, gray furry tongue
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First drug of choice for asthma management?
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Use short-acting β2-agonist first
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Second choice for pharmocological asthma management?
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flovent+ventolin
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3rd choice for pharmocological asthma management?
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serevent (long acting), flovent, ventolin, and atrovent
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4th choice for pharmocological asthma management?
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antileukotrines (singulair) and xanthines (aminophylline)
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Example of anticholinergic inhaler
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Atrovent (ipratropium bromide)
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PO/IV asthma meds
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Xanthines (theophylline (Theo-Dur) and aminophylline (Somophylline))
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Why shouldn’t theophylline users take caffeine
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IT’s a form of caffeine
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How does singulair work?
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prevents inflammation from WBC mobilization and migration into lungs
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what functions do you need to monitor for ppl taking singulair?
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liver functions
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Cephalosporins are an allergy concern for people allergic to what?
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Penicillins
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Antibiotics that stops bacterial reproduction
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Bacteriostatic
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Drug with affinity for calcium (discolors the teeth)
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tetracyclines
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Most important fluoroquinolone to know
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Cipro
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What musculoskeletal adverse effect do fluoroquinolones have?
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Tendon injury
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How should you take a macrolide?
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without fruit juices
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Best known example of macrolide
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zithromax
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What do macrolides end with?
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-mycin
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Who would most likely be prescribed bactericidal drugs vs. bacteriostatic
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ppl with co-morbidities or suppressed immune system
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classic signs of TB
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cough, night sweats, and fatigue
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Why is TB so difficult to eradicate from your lungs
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gets walled off by calcified or fibrous tissue
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What enzymes should you monitor in a pt. taking antituberculosis meds
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AST, ILT
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Pt’s on antuberculosis meds are given what to ameliorate peripheral neuritis?
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Vit. B6, particularly for people on INH
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What amino acid should be avoided if taking antituberculosis meds?
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Tyramine (in wine, beer, bananas, chocolate, aged cheese)
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How should isoniazid and rifampin be administered
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On empty stomach w/ full glass of water
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How long can TB treatment take?
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6-24 months
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Why must you measure enzymes in TB pts?
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to assess for liver failure
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Clients w/ this may look very blue and dusky in the face
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pulmonary embolism
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Other than a blood clot, what else could a pulmonary embolus be?
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fat, air, tumor cells
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Dateparin and enoxaprin are what types of heparin?
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low molecular weight heparin
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Antidote for heparin
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protamine sulfate
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Need to know this in order to administer warfarin
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INR (given the parameters on MAR)
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First signs of internal bleed
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Headache, then lower BP & increased pulse
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What should you check for bleeding in heparin/warfarin takers?
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gums, stool, urine
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Why do COPD ppl require low levels of oxygen
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high levels remove respiratory stimulus, and they still retain CO2
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What drugs should not be combined with Ventolin
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β-blockers (ventolin is a β2 agonist)
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What should you assess for before administering and anticholinergic?
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tachycardia & urinary retention (will make it worse)
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What effect of xanthines is most worrisome?
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Acts on CNS medulla, can cause cardiac dysrhythmia, exacerbate seizure disorders
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What effect of xanthines is most worrisome?
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Acts on CNS medulla, can cause cardiac dysrhythmia, exacerbate seizure disorders
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