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126 Cards in this Set
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Mannitol
method, use, side effects |
osmotic diuretic
shock, drug overdose, decrease intracranial/intraocular pressure pulmonary edema, dehydration. Contraindicated in anuria, CHF. |
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Acetazolamide
method, use, side effects |
carbonic anhydrase inhibitor causes self limited NaHCO3 diuresis
glaucoma, urinary alkalinization, metabolic alkalosis, altitude sickness hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, neuropathy, NH3 toxicity, sulfa alllergy |
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Furosemide
method, use, side effects |
Sulfonamide loop diuretics, inhibits NaKCl of thick ascending limb of loop. Increase Ca excretion.
edematous staes (CHF, cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, pulmonary edema), hypertension, hypercalcemia Ototoxicity, hypokalemia, dehydration, allergy, interstitial nephritis, gout |
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ethacrynic acid
method, use, side effects |
phenoxyacetic acid derivative (not a sulfonamide), inhibits NaKCl of thick ascending limb
diuresis in patients allergic to sulfa drugs ototoxicity, hypokalemia, dehydration, intersitial nephritis, but can be used in hyperuricemia (never used to treat acute gout) |
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hydrochlorothiazide
method, use, side effects |
inhibits NaCl reabsorption in early distal tubule. Decrease Ca excretion
hypertension, CHF, idiopathic hypercalciuria, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, hyponatremia, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, hypercalcemia, sulfa allergy |
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spironolactone, eplerenone
method, use, side effects |
competitive aldosterone receptor antagonist
hyperaldosteronism, K depletion, CHF Hyperkalemia, endocrine effects (gynecomastia) |
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Triamterene, Almioride
method, use, side effects |
blocking Na channels in the CCT
K depletion, CHF hyperkalemia |
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captopril, enalapril, lisinopril
method, use, side effect |
inhibit ACE reducing angiotensin II and preventing inactivation of bradykinin, a potent vasodilator. Renin release is increased due to loss of feedback inhibition.
hypertension, CHF, diabetic renal disease cough, angioedema, proteinuria, taste changes, hypotension, fetal renal damage, rash, increased renin, lower angiotensin II, hyperkalemia; avoid in bilateral renal artery stenosis |
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thioridazine, haloperidol, fluphenaine, chlorpromazine
method, use, side effect |
block D2 receptors
schizophrenia, psychosis, acute mania, Tourette syndrome extrapyramidal system (dystonia, akinesia, akathisia, tardive dyskinesia), endocrine side effects (hyperprolactinemia), block muscarinic, alpha, and histamine (sedation) Neuroleptic malignant syndrome Tardive dyskinesia |
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clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone
method, use, side effect |
block 5-HT2 ad dopamine receptor
schizophrenia (+ and - symptoms) OCD, anxiety disorder, depression, mania, Tourette fewer extrapyramidal and anticholinergic side effects, agranulocytosis |
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lithium
method, use, side effect |
inihibition of phosphoinositol cascade
bipolar affective disorder, blocks relapse and acute mania tremor, hypothyroidism, polyuria (nephrogenic DI), Ebstein's anomaly (downward displacement of tricuspid valve) |
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buspirone
method, use |
stimulates 5-HT1a receptors
generalized anxiety disorder |
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Fluoxetine, sertraline, paroxetine, citalopram
method, use, side effect |
serotonin specific reuptake inhibitor
endogenous depression, OCD GI distress, sexual dysfunction Serotonin Syndome - with MAOI hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, cardiovascular collapse |
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imipramine, amitriptyline, desipramine, nortriptyline, clompramine, doxepin
method, use, side effect |
block reuptake of NE and serotonin
major depression, bedwetting, OCD sedation, block alpha, atropine like side effects (tachycardia, urinary retention); Toxicity - Convulsions, Coma, Cardiotoxicity, respiratory depression, hyperpyrexia; confusion and hallucinations in elderly |
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Bupropion
use, side effect |
smoking cessation
tachycardia, insomnia, headache, seizure in bulimic patients |
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venlafazine
method, use, side effect |
inhibits serotonin, NE, dopamine reuptake
generalized anxiety disorder stimulant effects, sedation, nausea, constipation, increased BP |
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Mirtazapine
method, side effects |
alpha2 antagonist (increase NE and serotonin) and potent 5-HT2-3 receptor antagonist
sedation, increased appetite, weight gain, dry mouth |
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Maprotiline
method, side effect |
blocks NE reuptake
sedation, orthostatic hypotension |
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Trazodone
method, side effect |
primarily inhibit serotonin reuptake
sedation, nausea, priapism, postural hypotension |
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Phenelzine, tranylcypromine
method, use, side effect |
nonselective MAOI; increase levels of amine neurotransmitters
atypical depression, anxiety, hypochondriasis (excessive worry on health) hypertensive crisis with tyramine ingestion and meperidine, CNS stimulation; contraindicated with SSRI or Beta agonist |
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bromocriptine, pramipexole, ropinirole
method, use |
agonize dopamine receptors
parkinsons |
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amantadine
method, use |
increase dopamine release
parkinsons |
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selegiline
method, use, side effect |
selectively inhibits MAO B, increasing availability of dopamine
adunctive to L-dopa for parkinsons enhance adverse effects of L-dopa |
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L-dopa/carbidopa
method, use, side effect |
cross BBB and converted by dopa carboxylase to dopamine
parkinsonism arrhythmias from peripheral conversion (carbidopa inhibits this); long term use - dyskinesia on administration and akinesia between doses |
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entacapone, tolcapone
method, use |
COMT inhibitors, prevent dopamine breakdown
parkinsons |
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benztropine
method, use |
antimuscarinic
in parkinsons improves tremor and rigidity but no effect on bradykinesia |
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sumatriptan
method, use, side effect |
5-HT1d agonist
acute migraine, cluster headaches coronary vasospasm, mild tingling; contraindicated in CAD or prinzmetal's angina |
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phenytoin
method, use, side effect |
black Na channels, inhibit glutamine release
tonic-clonic and class IB antiarrhythmic nystagmus, ataxia, diplopia, sedation, SLE-like, induce P450 chronic use - gingival hyperplasia in kids, peripheral neuropathy, fetal hydantoin syndrome |
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Phenobarbital, pentobarbital, thiopental, secobarbital
method, use, side effect |
faciliate GABA action by increase duration of Cl channel opening -> decrease neuron firing
sedative for anxiety, seizures, insomnia, induction of anesthesia dependence, additive CNS depression with EtOH, respiratory or cardiovascular depression, drug interactions contraindicated in porphyria |
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dazepam, lorazepam, triazolam, temazepam, oxazepam, medazolam, chlordiazepoxide, alprazolam
method, use, side effect, overdose |
facilitate GABA action by increased frequency of Cl channel opening, long half life
anxiety, spasticity, status epilepticus, detoxification, night terrors, sleep walking dependence, additive CNS depression with EtOH treat overdose with flumazenil |
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halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, sevoflurane, methoxyflurane, NO2
use, side effect |
myocardial depression, respiratory depression, increase cerebral blood flow (decrease cerebral metabolic demand)
nausea/vomiting, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, proconvulsant, malignant hyperthermia |
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thiopental
method, use |
high potency, high lipid solubility, rapid entry into brain, effect terminated by redistribution from brain, decrease cerebral blood flow
induction of anesthesia, and short surgical procedures |
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midazolam
method, use, side effects |
adjunctively with gaseous anesthetics and narcotics
endoscopy severe postop respiratory depression, decrease BP, amnesia |
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Ketamine
method, use, side effect |
increase cerebral blood flow
cardiovascular stimulant disorientation, hallucination, bad dreams |
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morphine, fentanyl
method |
adjunctive with CNS depressants during general anesthesia
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propofol
use and side effect |
rapid anesthesia induction and short procedure
less postop nausea than thiopental |
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esters - procaine, cocaine, tetracaine
amides - lidocane, mepivacaine, bupivacaine method, use, side effect |
block Na channel, penetrate in uncharged form (non acidic environment) and bind ion channels in charged form
nerve blockade - size predominates (small) over myelination use with vasoconstrictor minor surgical procedures, spinal anesthesia CNS excitation, severe cardiovascular toxicity, hypertension, hypotension, arrhythmias |
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succinylcholine
method, use, antidote |
selective for motor N receptors
two bound Ach bind Ach receptors cause depolarization with fasiculation (paralysis 5-10min) eventually cell repolarizes but can't depolarize with succinylcholine still attached muscle paralysis in surgery or mechanical ventilation no antidote in depol phase cholinesterase inhibitors in repol phase |
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tubocurarine, atracurium, mivacurium, pancuronium, vecuronium, rapacuronium
method, use, antidote |
compete with Ach for receptors
muscle paralysis in surgery and mechanical ventilation cholinesterase inhibitors |
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dantrolene
method, use |
prevents the release of Ca from sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle
for malignant hyperthermia (tachycardia, muscle spasm) from concomitant use of inhalation anesthetics and succinylcholine treat neuroleptic malignant syndrome (muscle rigidity, sweating, myoglobinemia) from antipsychotic drugs |
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morphine, fentanyl, codeine, heoin, methadone, meperidine, dextromethorphan
method, use, side effect, antidote |
agonist at opiod receptors
pain, cough suppression, diarrhea, acute pulmonary edema, programs for addicts addiction, respiratory depression, constipation, miosis, additive CNS depression with drugs nalozone or naltrexone O2 is contraindicated with morphine |
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Ibuprofen, naproxen, indomethacin, ketorolac
method, use, side effect |
reversibly inhibit COX to block prostaglandins
antipyretic, analgesic, anti inflammatory indomethacin closes PDA renal damage, aplastic anemia, GI distress, ulcers |
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celecoxib, valdecoxib
method, use, side effect |
reversible COX2 inhibitors (on inflammatory cells and mediates inflammation and pain)
rheumatoid and osteoarthritis increased risk of thrombosis, less toxic to GI mucosa |
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acetominophen
method, use, side effect, antidote |
reversible COX inhibitor in CNS, inactivated peripherally
antipyretic, analgesic hepatic necrosis, depletes glutathione and forms toxic tissue adducts in liver N-acetylcysteine |
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colchicine
method, use, side effect |
depolymerizes microtubules, impairing leukocyte chemotaxis and degranulation
acute gout GI issues, especially if given orally |
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probenecid
method, use |
inhibits resorption of uric acid (also inhibits secretion of penicillin)
chronic gout |
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allopurinol
method, use |
inhibits xanthine oxidase, decrease conversion of xanthine to uric acid
chronic gout, used in lymphoma nad leukemia to prevent tumor lysis-associated urate nephropathy |
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etanercept
method, use |
form of human TNF receptor that bind TNF alpha
rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, ankylosing spondylitis |
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infliximab
method, use, side effect |
TNF alpha antibody
Crohn's diease, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis predisposes to infection (reactivation of latent TB) |
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Cyclosporin
method, use, side effect |
binds to cyclophilins, blocks differentiation and activation of T cells by inhibiting calcineurin preventing production of IL2 and its receptor
suppress organ rejection, autoimmune diseases predispose to viral infections and lymphoma, nephrotoxic |
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tacrolimus
method, use, side effect |
binds to FK binding protein, inhibiting secretion of IL2
potent immunosuppression in organ transplant nephrotoxic, peripheral neuropathy, hypertension, pleural effusion, hyperglycemia |
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azathioprine
method, use, side effect |
antimetabolite derivative of 6 mercaptopurine that interferes with the metabolism and synthesis of nucleic acids, toxic to proliferating lymphocytes
kidney transplant, autoimmune disorder bone marrow suppression, 6 mercaptopurine metabolized to xanthine oxidase so allopurinol increases toxicity |
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aldesleukin
use |
cytokine IL2
renal cell carcinoma, metastaic melanoma |
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erythropoietin
use |
anemias
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filgrastim, sargramostim
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Granulocyte Macrophage-CSF
recovery of bone marrow |
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alpha interferon
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hep B and C, Kaposi's sarcoma, leukemias, malignant melanoma
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beta interferon
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multiple sclerosis
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gamma interferon
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chronic granulomatous disease
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oprelvekin
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interleukin 11
thrombocytopenia |
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thrombopoietin
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thrombocytopenia
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heparin
method, use, side effect, antidote |
catalyzes the activation of antithrombin II (inactivates IX, X, XI), decrease thrombin and X
follow PPT anticoagulent for pulmonary embolism, stroke, angina, MI, DVT, used during pregnancy bleeding, thrombocytopenia, drug interactions protamine sulfate |
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warfarin
method, use, side effect, antidote |
interferes with normal synthesis and gama carboxylation of vit K dependent clotting factors II, VII, IX, X and protein C and S
Increase PT chronic anticoagulant, not used in pregnancy bleeding, teratogenic, drug interactions vit K and fresh frozen plasma |
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streptokinase, urokinase, tPA, APSAC
method, use, side effect, antidote |
direct or indirect aid conversion of plasminogen to plasmin, major fibrinolytic enzyme that cleaves thrombin and fibrin clots
early MI, early ischemic stroke bleeding, contraindicated in active bleeding, previous intracranial bleeding, recent surgery, bleeding diathesis, or severe hypertension aminocaproic acid |
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aspirin
method, use, side effect |
acetylates and irreversibly inhibits COX to prevent conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins
antipyretic, analgesic, antiinflammatory, antiplatelet GI ulcers, bleeding, hyperventilation, Reye's syndrome, tinnitus |
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clopidogrel, ticlopidine
method, use, side effect |
inhibit platlet aggregation by irreversible block of ADP receptor, inhibit fibrinogen binding by preventing glycoprotein IIb/IIIa
acute coronary syndrome, coronary stenting, decrease incidence or recurrence of thrombotic stroke neutropenia |
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abciximab
method, use, side effect |
monoclonal antibody binds glycoprotein receptor IIb/IIIa on activated platelets, preventing aggregation
acute coronary syndrome, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty bleeding, thrombocytopenia |
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methotrexate
method, use, side effect |
S phase specific, folic acid analog that inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, resulting in decrease dTMP and decrease DNA and protein synthesis
leukemia, lymphoma, choriocarcinoma, sarcoma, abortion, ectopic pregnancy, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis myelosuppression (reversible with leucovorin (folinic acid) macrovesicular fatty change in liver |
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5-fluorouracil
method, use, side effect |
S phase specific, pyrimidine analog bioactivated to 5F-dUMP which complexes with folic acid. inhibits thymidylate synthase, resulting in decrease dTMP
colon cancer, solid tumors, basal cell carcinoma, myelosuppression, photosensitivity |
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6 mercaptopurine
method, use, side effect |
block de novo purine synthesis, activated by HGPRTase
leukemia, lymphoma, (not CLL or hodgkin's) bone marrow, GI, liver; allopurinol increases toxicity |
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cytarabine
method, use, side effect |
inhibit DNA polymerase
AML leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, megaloblastic anemia |
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cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide
method, use, side effect |
alkylating agent, links to DNA guanine N7, require activation by liver
nonhodgkin's, breast, ovarian carcinoma, immunosuppressant myelosuppresion, hemorrhagic cystitis |
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carmustine, lomustine, semustine, streptozocin
method, use, side effect |
alkylate DNA, require bioactivation, cross BBB
brain tumors CNS toxicity |
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cisplatin, carboplatin
method, use, side effect |
act like alkylating agent
testicular, bladder, ovary, lung carcinoma nephrotoxicity, acoustic nerve damage |
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busulfan
method, use, side effect |
alkylates DNA
CML pulmonary fibrosis, hyperpigmentation |
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doxorubicin, daunorubicin
method, use, side effect |
generate free radicals, noncovalently intercalate DNA
hodgkin's, myelomas, sarcomas, solid tumors cardiotoxicity, myelosuppression, alopecia, |
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dactinomycin
method, use, side effect |
intercalates DNA
Wilm's tumor, Ewing's sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma myelosuppression |
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bleomycin
method, use, side effect |
free radicals that break DNA
testicular cancer, lymphomas pulmonary fibrosis, skin changes, myelosuppression |
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etoposide
method, use, side effect |
G2 phase specific, inhibit topoisomerase II and increase DNA degradation
small cell carcinoma of lung, prostate, testicular carcinoma myelosuppression, GI irritant, alopecia |
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prednisone
method, use, side effect |
trigger apoptosis, even in nondividing cells
CLL, hodgkin's, immunosuppressant cushing-like, immunosuppression, cataracts, acne, osteoporosis, hypertension, peptic ulcers, hyperglycemia, psychosis |
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tamoxifen, raloxifene
method, use, side effect |
receptor antagonist on breast and agonist at bone; block estrogen receptors
breast cancer, osteoporosis tamoxifen - endometrial carcinoma and hot flashes |
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trastuzumab
method, use, side effect |
monoclonal antibody against HER-2 (erb-B2)
metastatic breast cancer cardiotoxicity |
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imatinib
method, use, side effect |
philadelphia chromosome brc-abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor
CML, GI stromal cancer fluid retention |
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vincristine, vinblastine
method, use, side effect |
M phase specific, bind tubulin and block polymerization of microtubules so mitotic spindles cannot form
lymphoma, Wilm's tumor, choriocarcinoma vincristine - neurotoxicity, paralytic ileus vinblastine - bone marrow suppression |
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paclitaxel
method, use, side effect |
M phase specific, bind tubulin and hyperstabilize polymerized microtubules so the spindles can't break down (can't go to anaphase)
ovarian and breast carcinomas myelosuppression and hypersensitivity |
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cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine, nizatidine
method, use, side effect |
block H2 receptors, decrease H secretion by parietal cells
peptic ulcer, gastritis, mild esophageal reflux inhibit P450, antiandrogenic (gynecomastia, impotence), cross BBB (confusion, headaches) and placenta. decrease renel excretion of creatinine |
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omeprazole, lanprozole
method, use |
inhibit HK ATPase in stomach parietal cells
peptic ulcer, gastritis, esophageal reflux, zollinger ellison syndrome |
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bismuth, sucralfate
method, use |
physical barrier, allow HCO3 secretion to reestablish pH in mucus layer
ulcer healing, traveler's diarrhea, part of therapy for H. pylori |
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misoprostol
method, use, side effect |
PGE1 analog, increase production /secretion of gastric mucous barrier, decrease acid produced
prevention of NSAID peptic ulcers, maintain PDA, induce labor diarrhea, abortifacient |
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pirenzepine, propantheline
method, use, side effect |
block M1 on ECL cells, decrease histamine secretion and M3 receptors on parietal cells, decrease H secretion
peptic ulcer tachycardia, dry mouth, difficulty focusing eyes |
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aluminum hydroxide
use and side effect |
antacid
constipation, hypophosphatemia, proximal muscle weakness, osteodystrophy, seizures, hypokalemia |
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Magnesium hydroxide
use and side effect |
antacid
diarrhea, hyporeflexia, hypotension, cardiac arrest, hypokalemia |
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calcium carbonate
use and side effect |
antacid
hypercalcemia, rebound acid, hypokalemia |
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sulfasalazine
method, use, side effect |
sulfapyridine and mesalamine, activated by colonic bacteria
ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease malaise, nausea, sulfonamide, toxicity, reversible oligospermia |
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ondansetron
method, use, side effect |
5-HT3 antagonist, central acting antiemetic
control vomit postop and in chemo headache, constipation |
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cisapride
method, side effect |
act on serotonin receptors to increase Ach release at myenteric plexus, increase esophageal tone, gastric and duodenal contractility, improve transit time
no longer used. torsades des pointes with erythromycin, ketoconazole, nefazodone, fluconazole |
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metoclopramide
method, use, side effect |
D2 receptor antagonist, increase resting tone, contractility, lower esophageal sphincter, motility; does not increase transit time
diabetic and postop gastroparesis, chemo nausea, narcotic induced vomiting increase parkinson effects, restlessness, drowsiness, fatique, depression, nausea, constipation, interacts with digoxin and diabetic agents, contraindicated in small bowel obstruction |
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lispro, insulin, NPH, Lente, Ultralente
method, use, side effect |
binds insulin receptor (tyrosine kinase activity)
type 1 DM hypoglycemia, hypersensitivity |
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tolbutamide, chlorpropamide
method, use, side effect |
close K channel in Beta cell membrane, triggering insulin release via increase Ca influx
type 2 DM disulfiram like effects |
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glyburide, glimepiride, glipizide
method, use, side effect |
close K channel in Beta cell membrane, trigger insulin release via increase Ca influx
type 2 DM hypoglycemia |
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metformin
use, side effect |
oral hypoglycemic, used in patients without islet function
lactic acidosis |
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pioglitazone, rosiglitazone
method, use, side effect |
increase target cell response to insulin
type 2 DM weight gain, edema, hepatotoxicity |
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acarbose, miglitol
method, use, side effect |
inhibit intestinal brush border alpha glucosidases, delayed sugar hydrolysis and glucose absorption
type 2 DM GI issues |
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orlistat
method, use, side effect |
alters fat metabolism by inhibiting pancreatic lipases
longterm obesity management steatorrhea, GI issues, reduced fat soluble vit absorption, headache |
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sibutramine
method, use, side effect |
sympathomimetic serotonin and NE reuptake inhibitor
short term and longterm obesity management hypertension, tachycardia |
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propylthiouracil, methimazole
method, use, side effect |
inhibit organification and coupling of thyroid hormone synthesis
propylthiouracil decrease peripheral T3 -> T4 hyperthyroidism skin rash, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia |
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GH
use |
GH deficiency, Turner's
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Somtostatin
use |
acromegaly, carcinoid, gastrinoma, glucagonoma
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oxytocin
use |
stimulates labor, uterine contraction, milk let down, controls uterine hemorrhage
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ADH
use |
pituitary diabetes insipidus
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levothyroxine, triiodothyronine
method, use, side effect |
thyroxine (T4) replacement
hypothyroidism, myxedema tachycardia, heat intolerance, tremors |
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hydrocortisone, prednisone, triamcinolone, dexamethasone, beclomethasone
method, use, side effect |
decrease production of leukotrienes and prostaglandins by inhibiting phospholipase A2 and COX2
addison's disease, inflammation, immune suppression, asthma iatrogenic cushing's; diabetes if chronic |
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hydralazine
method, use, side effect |
increase cGMP so smooth muscle relaxes, vasodilates arterioles more than veins, afterload reduction
sever hypertension, CHF, fisrt line for HTN in pregnancy with methyldopa compensatory tachycardia, fluid retention, lupus like |
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nifedipine, verapamil, diltiazem
method, use, side effect |
block voltage dependent Ca channel of cardiac and smooth muscle, reduce muscle contractility
hypertension, angina, arrhythmias, prinzmetal's angina, raynaud's cardiac depression, peripheral edema, flushing, dizziness, constipation |
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nitroglycerin, isosorbie dinitrate
method, use, side effect |
vasodilate by releasing NO2 in smooth muscle, causing increase in cGMP and smooth muscle relaxation, decrease preload; more veins than arteries
angina, pulmonary edema, erection enhancer tachycardia, hypotension, flushing, headache Monday disease - tolerance over the week, none on weekend; tachycardia, dizziness, headache |
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lovastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin, atorvastatin
method, use, side effect |
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
lower LDL and triglycerides, raise HDL reversible increase in LFTs and myositis |
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Niacin
use, side effects |
lower LDL and triglycerides, raise HDL
red flushed face (decreased by aspirin and long term use) |
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cholestyramine, colestipol
method, use, side effect |
bile acid resin
lower LDL, raise triglycerides taste bad, GI issues |
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ezetimibe
method, use, side effect |
cholesterol absorption blocker
decrease LDL increase LTFs |
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gemfibrozil, clofibrate,bezafibrate, fenofibrate
use, side effect |
decrease LDL and triglycerides, raise HDL
myositis, increase LFTs |
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digoxin
method, use, side effect, antidote |
direct inhibition of NaK ATPase leads to indirect inhibition of NaCa antiport; increase Ca -> ionotropy
CHF (increase contractility), atrial fibrillation (decrease AV node conduction, SV node depression) increase PR, decrease QT, scooping ST, T wave inversion of ECG, increase parasympathetic (nausea, vomit, diarrhea, blurry yellow vision), arrhythmia, increase renal failure, hypokalemia normalize K, lidocaine, cardiac pacer, anti dig Fab fragments, Mg |
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quinidine, amiodarone, procainamide, disopyramide
method, use, side effect |
class IA Na channel blocker
increase AP, effective refractory period, QT interval atrial and ventricle arrhythmias and reentrant and ectopic supraventricular and ventricular tachycardia |
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lidocaine, mexiletine, tocainide
method, use, side effect |
class IB Na channel blocker
ischemic or depolarized purkinje and ventricular tissue acute ventricular arrhythmias, digitalis induced arrhythmias |
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flecainide, encainide, propafenone
method, use, side effect |
class IC Na channel blocker
AP duration V-tach that progress to V-fib and intractable supraventricular tachycardia last resort refractory tachyarrhythmias proarrhythmic (post MI), prolongs refractory period in AV node |
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propranolol, esmolol, metoprolol, atenolol, timolol
method, side effect |
class II beta blocker
decrease cAMP, Ca currents, slope of phase 4; increase PR interval impotence, exacerbation of asthma, cardiovascular (bradycardia, AV block, CHF), CNS effects (sedation, sleep alterations), mask hypoglycemia |
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sotalol, ibutilide, bretylium, amiodarone
method, use, side effect |
class III K blocker
increase AP, refractory period, QT interval when other antiarrhythmias fail sotalol - torsades de pointes, excessive beta block ibutilide - torsades bretylium - ner arrhythmias, hypotension amiodarone - pulmonary fibrosis, corneal deposits, hepatotoxicity, skin deposits (photodermatitis), neurologic effects constipation, cardio (brachy, heart block, CHF), hypo/hyperthyroidism |
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verampamil, diltiazem
method, use, toxicity |
class IV Ca channel blocker
affect AV node, decrease conduction velocity, increase refractory period and PR prevent nodal arrhythmias constipation, flushing, edema, cardio (CHF, AV block, sinus node depression), torsades de pointes |
