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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Pharmacokinetics
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- higher gut [ ] may cause steeper increase, but lower bioaval.
- distributes easily to all tissues - Metabolism is zero order (fixed unit per time) - |
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Alcohol is metabolized by
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- alcohol dehydrogenase adn acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
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Pharmacodynamics
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- CNS most sensitive to ethanol
- mainly depresses - stimulant effects due to depression of inhibitory control mechanisms - high [ ] cause general anesthesia - contraindicated in epilepsy and withdrawl may cause seizures - enhancement of CNS depression occurs with sedatives, hypnotics or tranquilizers |
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Local effects
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- good topical antiseptic
- effective against gram neg and pos - not effective against spores, fungi, certain viruses |
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Respiration and GE effects
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- Resp = ventilatory response to CO2 is depressed, this can be dangerous
- GI = increase in gastric juices, contraindicated in peptic ulcer |
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Kidney and liver effects
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- diruetic effect
- accumulation of fat in liver = increased NADH/NAD ratio, mobilization of fat from peripheral tissues |
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Tolerance of ETOH
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- metabolic = minor, inducible enyzmes, this may cause cross tolerance in other drugs
- Functional = nerve cells adapt to continued presence - Behavioral = functioning socially |
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Dependence to ETOH
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- Physical = yes- abstinece syndrome
- Psycho = yes, feel they need it, purposeful behavior |
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fetal alcohol syndrome
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- Pre - Postnatal growth retardation
- Low IQ - Facial abnormalities - can't be fixed/reversed |
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Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
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- paralysis of external eye muscles, ataxia,altered mentals status
- DUE TO THIAMIN DEFICIENCY - give thiamin supplements |
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Alcoholism is
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- pattern of tolerance, physical dependence, withdrawl avoidance
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Tx of Alcoholism
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Acute: prevent respiratory failure
Benzodiazepines used to "taper off" Chronic: behavioral modification, Disulfiram - makes them get sick if they drink - Opiate antagonist: naltrexone |