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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what does serum creatinine concentration reflect |
balance between creatinine production and excretion |
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creatinine |
breakdown product of skeletal mscle |
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what does muscle mass depend on |
pt's age, gender, and level of physical activity |
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does serum creatinine values mean renal function is preserved |
no |
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how long could it take in the setting of acute renal failure for serum creatinine concentration to rise |
several days |
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measurement of _______ is a poor indicator of renal function |
BUN |
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what is the most commonly GI agent used in chidren |
barium based |
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are barium based contrast admin IV |
NEVER; could be fatal, does not dissolve, out of suspension is a deadly toxin |
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what may hyperosmolality contrast in GI tract cause |
fluid shifts between bowel wall and lumen, then between extravascular soft tissue and blood vessels |
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HOCM should be avoided for children with what |
risk of aspiration |
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when is oral contrast given |
for flour studies ( dynamic pharyngography, esophagography, upper GI, SBFT |
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when is rectal contrast given |
conventional flouro colon |
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when is direct injection of IV into the biliary and pancreatic ductal systems performed |
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, t tube cholangiography, and percutaneous antegrade |
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what do barium sulfate contrast agents provide greater than iodinated agents |
delineation of mucosal detail and more resistant to dilution
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why is oral barium preferred for adults |
dilution of water soluble contrast in dilated fluid filled distal small bowel loops may render contrast nonvisible |
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when is iodinated water soluble contrast used |
suspected bowel perforation or leak, or confirm percutaneous feeding tube position |
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what is the usual mixture for stability suspension in bowel wall coating |
60% |
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SBFT exams- barium suggestion |
500mL of 40% w/v |
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high density barium with air or effervescent gas |
up to 250%w/v |
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high density barium optional in colon |
85%-100% w/v suspension |
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how many mL is needed to study the colon |
1,000 to 2,000 mL |
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what 2 commercial water soluble HOCMs are used for enteric opacifaction |
gastrograffin and gastroview |
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what can gastrograffin and gastroview lead to |
hypovolemia and hypotension due to fluid loss in intestines |
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what is IV contrast that can be administered by mouth or rectum called |
off-label |
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what is the advantage of IV LOCMs over gastroview and gastrograffin |
there is none |
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what can LOCMs reduce risk of |
contrast related pneumonitis in aspiration prone pts |
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what is a serious complication from the use of barium in the GI tract |
leakage into the mediastinum or peritoneal cavity |
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what do potential complications of barium leak depend on |
the site where the spill occurs |
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what can esophageal leakage cause |
mediastinitus |
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what can stomach, duodenal, and small intestinal leakage result in |
peritonitis |
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what can retained barium in the lungs do |
remain indefinitely and may cause inflammation |
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what are the most common adverse reactions to oral and rectal barium |
nausea, vomitting, abdominal cramping |
