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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Azelastine
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Anti-histamine, 2nd generation
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Cetirzine
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Anti-histamine, 2nd generation
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Levocetirizine
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Anti-histamine, 2nd generation
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Fexofenadine
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Anti-histamine, 2nd generation
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Lortadine
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Anti-histamine, 2nd generation
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Desloratadine
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Anti-histamine, 2nd generation
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diphenhydramine
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anti-histamine, 1st generation
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chlorpheniramine
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anti-histamine, 1st generation
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phenindamine
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anti-histamine, 1st generation
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contraindication for glucocorticoids
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systemic fungal infection, live vaccines, caution with pregnancy/BF
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allergic rhinits 2nd gen antihistamines (6)
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less drowsiness
fexofenadine azelastine cetirizine levocetirizine Desloratadine |
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1st gen antihistamines (3)
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diphenhydramine
chlorpheniramine phinindamine |
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feature of ASA not found in other Cox
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ASA irreversibly bind to cox, help with platelets
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ASA and surgery
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stop 7-10 days prior
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risk of cox 2
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increased MI/stroke
can increase lithium levels P450 drugs |
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acetaminophen OD
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acetylcystene (mucomyst)
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glucocorticoids and increased stress
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increased doses
insufficient can get adrenal crisis, hypotention, hypoglycemia |
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risks for patients on high dose glucocorticoids
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adrenal insufficiency, ostepoerosis, increased infection
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steroid discontinuation
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never abruptly if take more than 7 days, taper gradually
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proper MDI use teaching
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begin breathing prior to inhaling, hold breath and count to 10, at least 1 minute between puffs, rinse mouth after, spacer
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dosing albuterol and glucocorticoid?
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albuterol - beta2 antagonist abort ongoing attack (dilates bronchioles)
glucocorticoid after for long term prohylaxis take in morning |
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azmacort
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inhaled steroid
cannot be used for ongoing attack gargle after administering calcium, vitamin D, weight-bearing exercise |
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converting from oral to inhaled glucocorticoid
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must take supplimental in times of stress, failure to do so can be fatal
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adverse effects of long term steroids?
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slow growth in children
cataracts and glaucoma adrenal suppression osteoperosis hypoglycemia |
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theophylline
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bronchodilator taken on a regular schedule
dangerous drug 20mcg SE, 30mcg v-fib must assess drug levels caffine can intensify contraindicated with untreated seizures |
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montelukast
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singular - antihistamine/leukotriene receptor blockers
used for seasonal allergic rhinits asthma maintanence therapy max effects within 24 hours |
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intranasal sympathomimetics uses and teachings
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vasoconstriction, shrinks membrane
minimal side effects rebound congestion not appropriate for chronic rhinitis |
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guaifenesin
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expectorant
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suprainfection
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new infection that appears during the course of treatment
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5 reasons for combo therapy
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severe infection
more than one organsim prevention of resistance decreased toxicity enhanced effects (TB drugs) |
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desensitization
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small doses increasing hourly until therapeutic range has been reached
epi and crash cart nearby |
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UTI uncomplicated (4)
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Fluroquinolones
Aminoglycosides Sulfonamides/trimethoprim Fosfomycin |
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complicated UTI (2)
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penicillin
cephalosporins naldixic acid |
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cefotetan and warfarin
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drug causes bleeding and warfarin decreases clotting
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C. diff how to treat
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vancomycin
metronidazole - no alcohol |
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clindamycin
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good alternative to penicillin
macrolyde |
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gentamicin
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ototoxic (don't use with ethacrynic acid)
neuromuscular blockade used only for serious aerobic gram-neg |
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aminoglycosides peak and trough
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peak - 1/2 hour after
trough - 1 hour before should be near 0 |
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sulfonamides
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photosensativity, stevens johnsons
risk of hypoglycemia for diabetics (with sulfa-based treatment) kernicterus - no babies or preg women |
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fosfomycin
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uncomplicated UTI single dose
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rifampin
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red-orange urine, sweat, saliva, tears
used for TB and menigitis H. influenza, legionaires |
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4 drugs for TB
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isoniazide
rifampin pyrazinamide ethambutol |
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ethambutol
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dose related optic neuritis - check vision and red-green color preception
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fluroquinalones
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tendon rupture
no cationic substances |
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terbinafine and onychomycosis
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topical and oral
liver risk 3-6 months to alleviate issues |
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itraconazole who shouldn't take
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pt with heart failure or liver injury
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oral candidaisis (3)
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nystatin
clotrimaxole amphotericin B |
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amphotericin B
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nephrotoxic
kidney function tests every 3-4 days infuse with 1 L NS to reduce effects |
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acyclovir SE
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nephrotoxic
keep patient well hydrated before and 2 hours after |
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valacyclovir for 3 uses
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herpes zoster
herpes simplex genitalis herpes labialis |
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interferon
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flu like symptoms with dosing
neurophyciatric effect like depression and suicide with long use |
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influenza vaccine
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protection begins 1-2 weeks after dose lasts 4-6 months
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tamiflu
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no longer than 2 days after symptom onset, can reduce length up to 3 days if taken within the first 12 hours
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ceftriaxone is DOC for STD
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gonococcal
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penicillin G is doc for STD
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syphilis
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