Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
156 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Azathioprine: class?
|
cytotoxic immunosuppressive
|
|
|
Azathioprine: mechanism?
|
converted to 6-MP, interferes with de novo purine synth; salvage pathway of purines
|
|
|
Azathioprine: counterindications?
|
thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) deficiency, likely drug toxicity
|
|
|
Azathioprine: chemistry?
|
purine analogs
|
|
|
Azathioprine: prodrug??
|
yes
|
|
|
Azathioprine: side effects?
|
*myelotoxicity*, low CBC counts, pancreatitis
|
|
|
6-mercaptopurine: class?
|
cytotoxic immunosuppressive
|
|
|
6-mercaptopurine: counterindications?
|
thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) deficiency, likely drug toxicity
|
|
|
6-mercaptopurine: chemistry?
|
purine analogs
|
|
|
6-mercaptopurine: prodrug??
|
no
|
|
|
Mycophenolate Mofetil: class?
|
cytotoxic immunosuppressive
|
|
|
Mycophenolate Mofetil: mechanism?
|
inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase, de novo purine synthesis enzyme
|
|
|
Mycophenolate Mofetil: counterindications?
|
risk factors for toxicity: cumulative dose, obesity, alcohol use.
|
|
|
Mycophenolate Mofetil: prodrug??
|
no
|
|
|
Methotrexate: class?
|
cytotoxic immunosuppressive
|
|
|
Methotrexate: prodrug??
|
no
|
|
|
Cyclophosphamide: class?
|
cytotoxic immunosuppressive
|
|
|
Cyclophosphamide: mechanism?
|
alkylating agent
|
|
|
Cyclophosphamide: prodrug??
|
no
|
|
|
Cyclophosphamide: side effects?
|
hemorrhagic cystitis, other bad shit
|
|
|
Cyclosporine: class?
|
calcineurin inhibitors; selective for T lymphocytes
|
|
|
Cyclosporine: mechanism?
|
inhibit T cell calcineurin
|
|
|
Cyclosporine: chemistry?
|
complex cyclic fungal polypeptide that is extremely lipophilic
|
|
|
Cyclosporine: metabolism?
|
Liver-CYP 3A, many drug interactions
|
|
|
Tacrolimus: class?
|
calcineurin inhibitors, selective for T lymphocytes
|
|
|
Tacrolimus: mechanism?
|
inhibit T cell calcineurin
|
|
|
OKT3®: class?
|
anti CD3 antibody
|
|
|
OKT3®: mechanism?
|
binds to CD3 on T cells
|
|
|
Prostaglandins : chemistry?
|
arachidonic acid derivative
|
|
|
Prostaglandins : strongest platelet aggregator?
|
PGI2
|
|
|
Thromboxane A2 : metabolism?
|
spontaneous degradation
|
|
|
Prostaglandin I2: metabolism?
|
spontaneous degradation
|
|
|
zileuton : mechanism?
|
inhibitor of the 5-lipoxygenase
|
|
|
zileuton : indications?
|
asthma
|
|
|
Misoprostol : class?
|
synthetic PGE1
|
|
|
Misoprostol : mechanism?
|
synthetic PGE1
|
|
|
Misoprostol : counterindications?
|
contraindicated during pregnancy. (uterine contractions)
|
|
|
Aspirin: class?
|
NSAID
|
|
|
Aspirin: mechanism?
|
acetylates cyclooxegenase; hits platelets harder than tissue (low dose)
|
|
|
Aspirin: counterindications?
|
kids (reye's syndrome)
|
|
|
Indomethacin: class?
|
NSAID
|
|
|
Indomethacin: indications?
|
acute attack of gouty arthritis---aspirin is contraindicated because of the inhibitory effects of aspirin on uric acid excretion.
|
|
|
Indomethacin: side effects?
|
CNS toxicity, headache, dizzyness, psychosis
|
|
|
celecoxib: class?
|
Cox2 inhibitor
|
|
|
rofecoxib: class?
|
Cox2 inhibitor
|
|
|
ibuprofen,: class?
|
NSAID
|
|
|
Diphenhydramine (benadryl) : class?
|
H1 competitive antagonist
|
|
|
Diphenhydramine (benadryl) : chemistry?
|
tertiary amines
|
|
|
Terfenadine* Seldane®: class?
|
Second-Generation H1 blockers (non-sedating antihistamine
|
|
|
Terfenadine* Seldane®: mechanism?
|
1st pass metab to -COOH H1 blocker. No CNS entranfce
|
|
|
Terfenadine* Seldane®: side effects?
|
torsades de pointes from unmetabolized drug
|
|
|
fexofenadine (fexofenadine): class?
|
Second-Generation H1 blockers (non-sedating antihistamine
|
|
|
fexofenadine (fexofenadine): mechanism?
|
1st pass metab to -COOH H1 blocker. No CNS entranfce
|
|
|
Loratididine (Claritin): class?
|
Second-Generation H1 blockers (non-sedating antihistamine
|
|
|
Loratididine (Claritin): mechanism?
|
1st pass metab to -COOH H1 blocker. No CNS entranfce
|
|
|
Desloratadine (Clarinex): class?
|
Second-Generation H1 blockers (non-sedating antihistamine
|
|
|
Desloratadine (Clarinex): mechanism?
|
1st pass metab to -COOH H1 blocker. No CNS entranfce
|
|
|
ranitidine (Zantac®): class?
|
H2 receptor antagonist
|
|
|
ranitidine (Zantac®): indications?
|
anti ulcer
|
|
|
cimetidine (Tagamet®): class?
|
H2 receptor antagonist
|
|
|
cimetidine (Tagamet®): indications?
|
anti ulcer
|
|
|
cimetidine (Tagamet®): dangerous interactions?
|
binds to cytochrome P-450 system, decreasing warfarin, theophylline and phenytoin metabolism
|
|
|
Famotidine : class?
|
H2 receptor antagonist
|
|
|
Cromolyn (Intal®): indications?
|
prophylactic tx of asthma
|
|
|
Albuterol: class?
|
beta2 blocker
|
|
|
Albuterol: mechanism?
|
fast onset beta 2 blocker
|
|
|
Albuterol: indications?
|
acute tx asthma
|
|
|
Salmeterol: class?
|
beta2 blocker
|
|
|
Salmeterol: mechanism?
|
slow onset beta 2 blocker
|
|
|
Salmeterol: indications?
|
chronic tx of asthma
|
|
|
(theophylline) : class?
|
Methylxanthines
|
|
|
(theophylline) : mechanism?
|
inhibits adenosine binding to adenosine receptors
|
|
|
(theophylline) : indications?
|
chronic tx of asthma
|
|
|
ipratropium bromide: class?
|
Muscarinic cholinergic antagonist
|
|
|
ipratropium bromide: indications?
|
chronic tx of asthma
|
|
|
Zileuton (Zyflo®) : class?
|
Inhibitors of 5-Lipoxygenase and products
|
|
|
Zileuton (Zyflo®) : mechanism?
|
inhibitor of human 5-Lipoxygenase
|
|
|
Zileuton (Zyflo®) : indications?
|
chronic tx of asthma
|
|
|
Zafirlukast (Accolate®) : class?
|
Inhibitors of 5-Lipoxygenase and products
|
|
|
Zafirlukast (Accolate®) : mechanism?
|
inhibitor of the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor for LTD4
|
|
|
Zafirlukast (Accolate®) : indications?
|
chronic tx of asthma
|
|
|
Montelukast (Singulair®): class?
|
Inhibitors of 5-Lipoxygenase and products
|
|
|
Montelukast (Singulair®): mechanism?
|
leukotriene receptor antagonist
|
|
|
Montelukast (Singulair®): indications?
|
chronic tx of asthma
|
|
|
meprazole (Prilosec®): class?
|
H+/K+-ATPase inhibitor
|
|
|
meprazole (Prilosec®): indications?
|
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
|
|
|
meprazole (Prilosec®): chemistry?
|
substituted benzimidazoles (weak bases) that are lipid soluble molecules
|
|
|
misoprostol, Cytotec®): class?
|
prostaglandin
|
|
|
misoprostol, Cytotec®): mechanism?
|
Prostaglandins of the E and I groups inhibit acid secretion by acting on the parietal cell
|
|
|
Mg(OH)2: mechanism?
|
antiacid; osmotic laxative
|
|
|
Mg(OH)2: side effects?
|
diarrhea
|
|
|
Al (OH)3 : mechanism?
|
antiacid
|
|
|
Al (OH)3 : side effects?
|
constipation
|
|
|
Calcium carbonate: mechanism?
|
antiacid
|
|
|
Sucralfate : mechanism?
|
increases mucosal defense against acid; maybe
|
|
|
Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto bismol®, Kaopectate® liquid): mechanism?
|
increases mucosal defense against acid
|
|
|
Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto bismol®, Kaopectate® liquid): indications?
|
GERD; diarrhea
|
|
|
Metoclopramide : class?
|
Prokinetic Gastrointestinal Drug
|
|
|
Metoclopramide : mechanism?
|
opamine antagonist; 5-HT3 antagonist
|
|
|
Metoclopramide : indications?
|
GERD; gastroparesis; intestinal pseudo-obstruction
|
|
|
Cisapride : class?
|
Prokinetic Gastrointestinal Drug
|
|
|
Cisapride : mechanism?
|
5-HT4 agonist; 5-HT3 antagonist
|
|
|
Cisapride : indications?
|
GERD; gastroparesis; intestinal pseudo-obstruction
|
|
|
Cisapride : side effects?
|
torsades de pointes
|
|
|
Erythromycin : class?
|
Prokinetic Gastrointestinal Drug
|
|
|
Erythromycin : mechanism?
|
motilin agonist
|
|
|
Erythromycin : indications?
|
nondigestible solid stasis; inestinal pseudo-obstruction
|
|
|
Loperamide (Imodium®) : class?
|
antidhiarrheal; phenylpiperidine analgesic analog
|
|
|
Loperamide (Imodium®) : mechanism?
|
opiate agonist
|
|
|
Loperamide (Imodium®) : indications?
|
diarrhea
|
|
|
Loperamide (Imodium®) : counterindications?
|
infectious diarrhea, impedes passage of bugs
|
|
|
Lomotil® (diphenoxylate and atropine): class?
|
antidiarrehal
|
|
|
Lomotil® (diphenoxylate and atropine): mechanism?
|
opiate agonist adn atropine (to discourage abuse, damn)
|
|
|
Cholestyramine and Colestipol: class?
|
bile acid binders
|
|
|
Cholestyramine and Colestipol: mechanism?
|
decrease diarrhea induction by bile acids
|
|
|
Octreotide (Sandostatin®): class?
|
antisecretory antidiarrheal
|
|
|
Octreotide (Sandostatin®): indications?
|
severe refractory secretory diarrhea
|
|
|
Bisacodyl (Dulcolax®): class?
|
Contact Laxatives
|
|
|
Bisacodyl (Dulcolax®): mechanism?
|
stimulates enteric nerves to cause colonic mass movement.
|
|
|
Bisacodyl (Dulcolax®): indications?
|
constipation
|
|
|
Castor Oil - from seeds of Ricinus communis : class?
|
Contact Laxatives
|
|
|
Castor Oil - from seeds of Ricinus communis : mechanism?
|
stimulates fluid and water secretion
|
|
|
Castor Oil - from seeds of Ricinus communis : indications?
|
constipation
|
|
|
Docusate : class?
|
Contact Laxatives
|
|
|
Docusate : mechanism?
|
increase NaCl secretion via cAMP
|
|
|
Docusate : indications?
|
constipation
|
|
|
Mineral Oil: class?
|
Lubricant Laxative
|
|
|
Mineral Oil: indications?
|
constipation
|
|
|
magnesium citrate: class?
|
Osmotic Laxatives
|
|
|
magnesium citrate: indications?
|
constipation
|
|
|
polyethylene glycol,: class?
|
Osmotic Laxatives
|
|
|
polyethylene glycol,: indications?
|
constipation
|
|
|
Sodium phosphate (Fleets® Phosphosoda): class?
|
Osmotic Laxatives
|
|
|
Sodium phosphate (Fleets® Phosphosoda): indications?
|
constipation
|
|
|
Lactulose : class?
|
non absorbable sugar
|
|
|
Lactulose : mechanism?
|
acidifies colon, traps amines for excretion
|
|
|
Metronidazole (Flagyl®): class?
|
spectrum-gram neg anaerobes antibiotic
|
|
|
Metronidazole (Flagyl®): indications?
|
bacterial overgrowth of GI (esp w/ crohn's)
|
|
|
Metronidazole (Flagyl®): counterindications?
|
pregnancy
|
|
|
Sulfasalazine (SAZ, Azulfadine®),: class?
|
antiobiotic and 5-ASA
|
|
|
Sulfasalazine (SAZ, Azulfadine®),: mechanism?
|
5-ASA antiinflam??
|
|
|
Sulfasalazine (SAZ, Azulfadine®),: indications?
|
Inflammatory Bowel Syndrome
|
|
|
Sulfasalazine (SAZ, Azulfadine®),: side effects?
|
disulfiram-like rx; teratogen
|
|
|
5-ASA : class?
|
Sulfasalazine/5-ASA Family
|
|
|
5-ASA : mechanism?
|
5-ASA antiinflam??
|
|
|
5-ASA : indications?
|
Inflammatory Bowel Syndrome
|
|
|
5-ASA : side effects?
|
renal toxicity
|
|
|
Asacol®: class?
|
Sulfasalazine/5-ASA Family
|
|
|
Asacol®: mechanism?
|
5-ASA antiinflam??
|
|
|
Asacol®: indications?
|
Inflammatory Bowel Syndrome
|
|
|
Pentasa®: class?
|
Sulfasalazine/5-ASA Family
|
|
|
Pentasa®: mechanism?
|
5-ASA antiinflam??
|
|
|
Pentasa®: indications?
|
Inflammatory Bowel Syndrome
|
|
|
Olsalazine (Dipentum®): class?
|
Sulfasalazine/5-ASA Family
|
|
|
Olsalazine (Dipentum®): mechanism?
|
5-ASA antiinflam??
|
|
|
Olsalazine (Dipentum®): indications?
|
Inflammatory Bowel Syndrome
|
