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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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drugs used in tonic-clonic and partial seizures (4)
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carbamazepine
phenytoin valproic acid lamotrigine |
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Drugs used in absence seizures (3)
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Ethosuximide
Valproic acid clonazepam |
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Drugs used in myoclonic seizures (3)
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Valproic acid
Clonazepam Lamotrigine |
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Drugs that block voltage gated sodium channels in neuronal membranes?
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phenytoin, carbamazepine, lamotrigine
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MOA of benzodiazepines
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bind GABA-A receptor chloride channel, increase in frequency of channel opening facilitates GABA inhibition
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MOA of phenobarbital?
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bind GABA chloride channel, increased duration of channel opening facilitates GABA inhibition. Also, acts as antagonist at some glutamate receptors
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which drugs inhibit GABA aminotransferase?
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vigabatrin
(valproate at very high conc) |
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which drug blocks the GABA reuptake transporter?
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Tiagabine
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drug that is a structural analog of GABA and is effective against neuropathic pain such as postherpetic neuralgia and migraines?
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gabapentin
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DOC for trigeminal neuralgia?
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carbamazepine
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drugs that inhibit T type calcium currents in the thalamus and are drugs of choice for absence seizures?
why are they the DOCs? |
ethosuximide, valproic acid
they're not very sedating |
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ethosuximide is preferred over valproate in simple absence seizures under what condition?
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if pts can tolerate the GI side effects
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valproic acid is preferred over ethosuximide in what instances?
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when pt has absence seizures along with tonic-clonic or myoclonic seizures
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why is clonazepam not the DOC for absence seizures?
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it causes sedation and tolerance
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MOA of valproic acid?
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inhibits low-threshold (T type) calcium channels (esp in thalamic neurons);
also causes neuronal membrane hyperpolarization |
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drugs whose MOA's are GABA-related?
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phenobarbital
benzodiazepines vigabatrin tiagabine gabapentin felbamate topiramate valproate |
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drug that blocks glutamate NMDA receptors; has hematotoxic and hepatotoxic potential?
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felbamate
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lamotrigine, levetiracetam and zonisamide are alternative drugs for what conditions?
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myoclonic seizures, absence seizures
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which antiseizure drugs are also used to treat bipolar disorders?
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valproic acid, carbamazepine, lamotrigine
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which antiseizure drugs can cause Stevens-Johnson syndrome?
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carbamazepine, lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, zonisamide
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why are anticonvulsants contraindicated in pregnancy?
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increased risk of congenital malformations
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valproate and carbamazepine + pregnancy = _______
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spina bifida
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mother of a fetus born with IUGR, microcephaly, mental retardation, and hypoplastic nails and distal phalanges was likely taking what drug?
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phenytoin
(fetal hydantoin syndrome) |
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what sx is associated with anticonvulsant O/D?
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resp depression
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who is at greatest risk of developing SJS related to anticonvulsants?
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children taking valproic acid
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which antiseizure drug is most likely to elevate plasma concentration of other drugs administered concomitantly?
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valproic acid
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which antiseizure drugs are inducers of hepatic enzymes?
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carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin
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what is the basis of drug interactions seen with phenytoin?
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it is highly bound in plasma, many drugs compete with binding proteins (carbamazepine, sulfonamides, valproate)
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