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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Inhibit synaptic activity of primary afferents and spinal cord pain transmission neurons
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Ascending pathways
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Activation of these receptors close Ca2+ ion channels to inhibit neurotransmitter release
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Presynaptic mu, delta, and kappa receptors
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Activation of these receptors open K+ ion channels to cause membrane hyperpolarization
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Postsynaptic Mu receptors
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Tolerance to all effects of opioid agonists can develop except
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Miosis and constipation
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All opioids except this agent (which has a muscarinic blocking action) cause pupillary constriction
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Meperidine
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SE of these drugs include dependence, withdrawal syndrome, sedation, euphoria, respiratory depression nausea and vomiting, constipation, biliary spasm, increased ureteral and bladder tone, and reduction in uterine tone
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Opioid Analgesics
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Strong opioid agonists
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Morphine, methadone, meperidine, and fentanyl
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Opioids used in anesthesia
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Morphine and fentanyl
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Opioid used in the management of withdrawal states
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Methadone
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Opioid available trans-dermally
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Fentanyl
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Opioid that can be given PO, by epidural, and IV, which helps to relieve the dyspnea of pulmonary edema
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Morphine
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Use of this opioid with MAOI can lead to hyperpyrexic coma, and with SSRI's can lead to serotonin syndrome
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Meperidine
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Moderate opioid agonists
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Codeine, hydrocodone, and oxycodone
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Weak opioid agonist, poor analgesic, its overdose can cause severe toxicity including respiratory depression, circulatory collapse, pulmonary edema, and seizures
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Propoxyphene
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Partial opioid agonist, considered a strong analgesic, has a long duration of action and is resistant to naloxone reversal
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Buprenorphine
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Opioid antagonist that is given IV and had short DOA
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Naloxone
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Opioid antagonist that is given orally in alcohol dependency programs
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Naltrexone
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These agents are used as antitussive
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Dextromethorphan, Codeine
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These agents are used as antidiarrheal
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Diphenoxylate, Loperamide
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