Pharm 2: General Anesthetics

Front 1

Nitrous Oxide

Back 1

MOA: blocks glutamate
no odor/taste, adjunct use only, rapid and not toxic (dental only)
hypoxia if used alone

Front 2

Halothane (Fluothane)

Back 2

MOA: enhance GABA and glycine, block nicotinic R's
rapid induction, no bronchospasm, hypotension, uterine relaxation for fetus extraction
Halothane Hep (no longer used)

Front 3

Enflurane (Ethrane)

Back 3

MOA: enhance GABA and glycine, block nicotinic R's
similar to halothane but less cardiac effects, cerebral effects, inc. mm relax (avoid OB), more rapid
chance of seizure

Front 4

Isoflurane (Forane)

Back 4

MOA: enhance GABA and glycine, block nicotinic R's
similar Enflurane, less inotropic effects, CV safety better, depth of anesthesia controlled better
pungent odor, most widely used, neuro espc.

Front 5

Methoxyflurane (Metofane)

Back 5

MOA: enhance GABA and glycine, block nicotinic R's
very rapid, most potent, no uterine relax (good OB)
nephrotoxic metabolites, use for short times only

Front 6

Thiopental (Barb)

Back 6

I.V.
MOA: binds GABAb2, increase GABA inhibition
produces effect within one circulation to the brain
high lipid solubility so fast in and fast out
redistribution is reason so short acting

Front 7

midazolam (Benzo)

Back 7

I.V.
MOA: bind GABAa1,a2 increases GABA
fastest onset of action
also used as premedication as good for producing amnesia

Front 8

fentanyl (opioid)

Back 8

I.V.
MOA:
used most particularly in cardiac surgery withlittle cardiovascular effects

Front 9

Propofol

Back 9

I.V.
MOA:
used mostly for day surgery as faster recovery than barbiturates or benzos

Front 10

Etimodate

Back 10

I.V.
MOA:
sedative-hypnotic used for induction, but get pain at injection site and vomiting

Front 11

Ketamine

Back 11

I.V.
MOA:
get catatonia, analgesia, and amnesia due to blockade of NMDA receptor