Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
Aspirin
|
Irreversible COX inhibitor
|
|
|
|
Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin)
|
Reversible COX inhibitor
|
|
|
|
Naproxen
|
Reversible COX inhibitor
|
|
|
|
Diclofenac
|
Reversible COX inhibitor
|
|
|
|
Sulindac
|
Reversible COX inhibitor
|
|
|
|
Piroxicam
|
Reversible COX inhibitor
|
|
|
|
Indomethacin
|
very strong reversible COX inhibitor, used for closing of patent ductus arteriosus, used for severe gout
|
|
|
|
Ketorolac
|
Reversible COX inhibitor
|
|
|
|
Celecoxib (Celebrex)
|
COX2 Inhibitor, used when pts cant tolerate nonselective inhibitors and need to stop gastric bleeding
|
|
|
|
Rofecoxib (Vioxx)
|
COX2 Inhibitor
|
|
|
|
Infliximab (Remicade)
|
Anti-TNF alpha AB (rh arthritis)
|
|
|
|
Adalimumab (Humira)
|
Anti-TNF alpha AB (rh arthritis)
|
|
|
|
Etanercept (Enbrel)
|
Soluble extracellular domain of TNFR1 (Rh athritis & Crohn's)
|
|
|
|
Thalidomide (Thalomid)
|
Block pathway of getting NFkB (used in Crohn's disease but can be teratogenic)
|
|
|
|
Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
|
only analgesic unknown mechanism
|
|
|
|
COX inhibitor actions
|
anti-inflam, analgesic, anti-pyretic, anti-thrombotic
|
|
|
|
COX inhibitor Side effects
|
GI ulcer/bleeding, induce remodelling of the heart (bad for CHF), inhibit the effects of thiazide drugs, salicylism (ASA only): tinnitus, dec hearing, vertigo.
|
|
|
|
COX2 Inhibitor actions
|
Prevent GI bleeding
|
|
|
|
COX2 Inhibitor side effects
|
Decrease PGI2 (which normally causes protective vasodilation in vessels with atherosclerotic plaque)
|
|
|
|
Zileutin
|
5-LOX inhibitor
|
|
|
|
Zafirlukast
|
Cysteine Leukotriene Blocker LTC4/LTD4
|
|
|
|
Montellukast
|
Cysteine Leukotriene Blocker LTC4/LTD5
|
|
|
|
Promethazine
|
1st Gen Anti histamine (less selective H1)
|
Cross BBB: drowsiness/dry mouth
|
|
|
Clopheniramine
|
1st Gen Anti histamine (less selective H1)
|
Cross BBB: drowsiness/dry mouth
|
|
|
Loratidine
|
selective H1 antagonist anti-histamine
|
|
|
|
Desloratidine
|
selective H1 antagonist anti-histamine
|
|
|
|
Bradykinin effects
|
hyperalgesia,hyperalludinia, inflammation, vasodilation (PGE production), release Arachidonic acid, bronchoconstriction
|
|
|
|
steroid side effects
|
water retention, muscle weakness, ostereoporosis, Euphoria, alkylosis, stomach ulcer, dec immunity
|
|
|
|
steroid indications
|
goat, osteo or rheumatoid arthritis, severe inflammation, organ transplant
|
|
|
|
steroid mechanism
|
turn on annexin(dec AA) block COX2 expression also decrease COX2 activity
|
|
|
|
alprostidil
|
PGE1 agonist- causes muscle relaxation
|
|
|
|
misoprostol
|
prostaglandin agonist: stomach protection and to maintain patent ductus arteriosus. Combined with RU486 to induce abortion.
|
|
|
|
What are some of the actions of Prostaglandins
|
1. magnify actions of histamine and bradykinin (secreted by neutrophils at inflammatory site) 2. raise core temperature setpoint (stimulated by IL-1/TNF in post-hypothalamus) 3. vasodilates vessels and prevents remodelling in the heart 4. stim Na reabsorption in the kidneys to prevent kidney failure. 5. stim replacement/proliferation of mucosa in stomach to prevent ulcers.
|
|
|
|
How is bradykinin made and degraded
|
kallikrein (serine protease) breaks down kininogen (floating in blood) to free bradykinin. Bradykinin is broken down by ACE (mainly in the lung)
|
|
|
|
actions of PGI
|
vasodilation, platelet disaggregation
|
|
|
|
action of TXA
|
vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation
|
|
|
|
what cells usually make TXA
|
platelets
|
|
|
|
what cells usually make PGI
|
endothelial cells
|
|
|
|
actions of LTB4
|
leukocyte chemotaxis
|
|
|
|
actions of LTC4/LTD4
|
bronchoconstriction, venule permeability
|
|
|
|
which COX is constitutively on and and which is inducible
|
COX1 constitutive and COX2 inducible
|
|
|
|
name the receptors for PGE2, PGI2, and TXA2 and their associated G protein
|
EP4 (Gs incr adenylate cyclase), IP (Gs incr adenylate cyclase), TP (Gi incr IP3 and Ca)
|
|
|
|
what drugs have a synergistic effect w/ opioids and what is the effect
|
NSAIDs and acetamenophen (they reduce the amount of opioids need to have the same analgesic action and therefore reduce the amount of side effects)
|
|
|
|
what are the histamine receptors and their actions
|
H1: inflammation (bronchoconstriction, allergic rhinitis, vasodilation, stim of itch neurons) but also in the brain. H2: acid secretion in the stomach. H3: NT release in the brain. H4: also in the brain
|
|
|
|
what is the goal of inflammation
|
to deliver blood component to target site
|
|
