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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Relates the amount of drug in the body to the plasma concentration
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Volume of distribution (VD)
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Plasma concentration of a drug at a given time
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Cp
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The ratio of the rate of elimination of a drug to its plasma concentration
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Clearance (CL)
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The elimination of drug that occurs before it reaches the systemic circulation
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First pass effect
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The fraction of administered dose of a drug that reaches systemic circulation
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Bioavailability (F)
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When the rate of drug input equals the rate of drug elimination
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Steady state Metabolism
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This step of metabolism makes a drug more hydrophilic and hence augments elimination
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Phase I
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Different steps of Phase I
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Oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis
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Inducers of Cytochrome P450 (CYP450)
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Barbiturates, phenytoin, carbamazepine, and rifampin
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Inhibitors of CYP450
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Cimetidine, ketoconazole, erythromycin, isoniazid and grapefruit
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Products of Phase II conjugation
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Glucuronate, acetic acid, and glutathione sulfate
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Type of kinetics when a constant percentage of substrate is metabolized per unit time
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First order kinetics
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Drug elimination with a constant amount metabolized regardless of drug concentration
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Zero order kinetics
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Target plasma concentration times (volume of distribution divided by bioavailability)
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Loading dose (Cp*(Vd/F))
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Concentration in the plasma times (clearance divided by bioavailability)
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Maintenance dose (Cp*(CL/F)) Pharmacodynamics
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Strength of interaction between drug and its receptor
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Affinity
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Selectivity of a drug for its receptor
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Specificity
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Amount of drug necessary to elicit a biologic effect; refers to the drug's strength
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Potency
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Maximum response achieveable from a drug
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Efficacy
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Ability of a drug to produce 100% of the maximum response regardless of the potency
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Full agonist
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Ability to produce less than 100% of the response
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Partial agonist
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Ability to bind reversibly to the same site as the drug and without activating the effector system
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Competitive antagonist
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Class of drugs with ability to decrease the maximal response to an agonist
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Noncompetitive antagonist
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A hormone whose mechanism of action (MOA) utilizes intracellular receptors
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Thyroid and steroid hormones
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A hormone whose MOA utilizes transmembrane receptors
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Insulin
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Class of drugs whose MOA utilizes ligand gated ion channels
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Benzodiazepines and calcium channel blockers
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Median effective dose required for an effect in 50% of the population
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ED50
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Median toxic dose required for a toxic effect in 50% of the population
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TD50
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Dose which is lethal to 50% of the population
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LD50
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Window between therapeutic effect and toxic effect
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Therapeutic index
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Term for a high margin of safety
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High therapeutic index
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Term for a narrow margin of safety
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Low therapeutic index
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