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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)
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ACE inhibitors
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Captopril and enalapril (-OPRIL ending) are
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ACE inhibitors
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SE of ACE inhibitors
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Dry cough, hyperkalemia
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ACE inhibitors are contraindicated in
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pregnancy and with K+
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Losartan and valsartan block
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Angiotensin receptor
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Angiotensin receptor blockers do NOT cause
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Dry cough
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Agents that block L-type calcium channel
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Calcium channel blockers
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CCB contraindicated in CHF
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Verapamil
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CCB with predominate effect on arteriole dilation
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Nifedipine
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SE of CCB
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Constipation, edema, and headache
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Agents that reduce heart rate, contractility, and O2 demand
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Beta-blockers
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B-blockers that are more cardioselective
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Beta-1 selective blockers
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Cardioselective Beta 1-blockers
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Atenolol, acebutolol, and metoprolol
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Beta-blockers should be used cautiously in
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Asthma (bronchospastic effects), diabetes (block signs of hypoglycemia) and peripheral vascular disease
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Non-selective Beta-blocker also used for migraine prophylaxis
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Propranolol
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SE of beta blockers
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Bradycardia, SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION, decrease in HDL, and increase in Triglycerols (TG)
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Alpha 1selective blockers
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Prazosin, terazosin and doxazosin (-AZOSIN ending)
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Non-selective Alpha1blockers use to treat pheochromocytoma
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Phenoxybenzamine
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For rebound HTN from rapid clonidine withdrawal
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Phentolamine
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A1a-selective blocker with no effects on HTN used for BPH
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Tamsulosin (Flomax)
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SE of alpha blockers
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Orthostatic hypotension (especially with first dose) and reflex tachycardia
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Presynaptic Alpha 2 agonist used in HTN, and acts centrally
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Clonidine, and methyldopa
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SE of methyldopa
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Positive Comb's test, depression
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Methyldopa is contraindicated in
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Geriatrics due to its CNS (depression) effects
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SE of clonidine
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Rebound HTN, sedation, dry mouth
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Direct vasodilator of arteriolar smooth muscle
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Hydralazine
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SE of hydralazine
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Lupus-like syndrome
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Arterial vasodilator that works by opening K+ channels
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Minoxidil
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SE of minoxidil
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Hypertrichosis
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IV Drug used Hypertensive Crisis
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Nitroprusside
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Nitroprusside vasodilates
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Arteries and veins
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Toxicity caused by nitroprusside and treatment
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Cyanide toxicity treated with sodium thiosulfate Diuretics
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Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
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Acetazolamide
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Diuretic used for mountain sickness and glaucoma
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Acetazolamide
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SE of acetazolamide
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Paresthesias, alkalization of the urine (which may ppt. Ca salts), hypokalemia, acidosis, and encephalopathy in patients with hepatic impairment
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MOA of loop diuretics
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inhibits Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransport
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Site of action of loop diuretics
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Thick ascending limb
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SE of loop (furosemide) diuretics
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Hyperuricemia, hypokalemia and ototoxicity
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Aminoglycosides used with loop diuretics potentiate adverse effect
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Ototoxicity
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Loops lose and thiazide diuretics retain
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Calcium
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MOA of thiazide diuretics
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Inhibit Na+/Cl- cotransport
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Site of action of thiazide diuretics
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Work at early distal convoluted tubule
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Class of drugs that may cause cross-sensitivity with thiazide diuretics
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Sulfonamides
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SE of thiazide (HCTZ) diuretics
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Hyperuricemia, hypokalemia and hyperglycemia
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Potassium sparing diuretics inhibit
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Na+/K+ exchange
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Diuretic used to treat primary aldosteronism
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Spironolactone
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SE of spironolactone
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Gynecomastia hyperkalemia, and impotence
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Osmotic diuretic used to treat increased intracranial pressure
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Mannitol
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ADH agonist used for pituitary diabetes insipidus
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Desmopressin (DDAVP)
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Used for SIADH
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Demeclocycline
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SE of demeclocycline
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Bone marrow and teeth discoloration for children under 8 years of age
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