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42 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What is the most frequent symptom of respiratory disorders?
Shortness of breath
This type of respiratory disorder last minutes to days.
a) acute respiratory
b) subacute respiratory
c) chronic respiratory
a) acute respiratory disease
This type of respiratory disease affects upper or intrathoracic airways, the pulmonary parenchyma (alveoli), pleural space, or pulmonary vasculature
a) acute respiratory
b) subacute respiratory
c) chronic respiratory
a) acute respiratory disease
This type of respiratory disease is classified as an exacerbation of preexisting disease (asthma), indolent infectious process, noninfectious inflammatory process, neuromuscular disease, pleural disease, or chronic cardiac disease (CHF)
a) acute respiratory
b) subacute respiratory
c) chronic respiratory
b) subacute respiratory disease
This type of respiratory disease last days to weeks
a) acute respiratory
b) subacute respiratory
c) chronic respiratory
b) subacute respiratory disease
What are other symptoms that aid in the diagnosis of respiratory disease?
cough, hemoptysis, and chest pain
What is the REVERSIBLE obstruction of airways in response to stimuli that do not affect nonasthmatics?
asthma
True or False: the underlying pathology of asthma may not be reversible
True
True or False: asthma can be present at any age
True
What is the ratio of asthma presentation during childhood in men vs women?
2x more present in men than women
What is the ratio of asthma presentation during adulthood in men vs women?
equal ratio
What are the prodromal (early) symtoms of asthma
itching under chin, discomfort between scapulae, or inexplicable fear (feeling of impending doom)
What are the physiological characteristics of asthma?
Widespread, reversible narrowing of the bronchial airways (not parenchyma) and a significantly increased bronchial response to inhaled and other stimuli (more responsive to a wide range of triggers than nonasthmatics). May be some irreversible narrowing in chronic asthma.
What are the pathological characteristics of asthma?
>Inflammation of the bronchial mucosa
>Remodeling of the bronchial mucosa – increased collagen deposition and thickening of basement membrane
>Vasodilation and angiogenesis
>Loss of epithelial cells
>Edema
What are the clinical characteristics of asthma?
Recurrent bouts of shortness of breath, coughing, chest tightness, and wheezing (may be worse at night), increased mucus production, increased ventilation and increased use of accessory muscles
What type of asthma is characterized by symptoms occurring only occasionally, with exposure to allergens or pollutants, exercise, or following viral URI?
a) mild asthma
b) severe asthma
a) mild asthma
What type of asthma is characterized by frequent attacks of wheezing dyspnea, often at night, and may be associated with chronic airway narrowing?
a) mild asthma
b) severe asthma
b) sever asthma
True or False: Asthma is usually a progressive disease
False: Asthma is not usually a progressive disease
How many phases does asthma have? What are the phases
2 - early phase and late phase
What phase of asthma is characterized by bronchoconstriction, bronchospasm, and involves mast cells?
early phase
What phase of asthma is characterized by inflammation, involves eosinophils and TH2 cells, and loss of epithelial cells?
late phase
What phase of asthma has a delayed response?
late phase
What are the therapy goals of treating asthma?
1. decrease bronchocontriction
2. decrease inflammation
Which of the following is not a type of COPD?
a) emphysema
b) chronic bronchitis
c) small airways disease
all of them are a type of COPD
Which of the following are reversible?
a) emphysema
b) chronic bronchitis
c) asthma
d) small airways disease
c) asthma
Which of the following is characterized by widespread, reversible narrowing of the bronchial airways (not parenchyma) and a significantly increased bronchial response to inhaled and other stimuli (more responsive to a wide range of triggers than nonasthmatics)?
a) emhysema
b) chronic bronchitis
c) asthma
d) small airways disease
c) asthma
Which of the following is characterized by the obstruction of the large and small airways and/or the destruction of parenchyma?
a) emphysema
b) chronic bronchitis
c) asthma
d) small airways disease
a) emphysema
b) chronic bronchitis
d) small airways disease
What type of respiratory disease is not fully reversible and is characterized by the obstruction of airway in which expiration is longer than inspiration?
COPD
The following are is due to the obstruction of what type of airway?
Mucus gland enlargement and goblet cell hyperplasia – lead to increased mucus production and cough
Squamous cell hyperplasia in bronchi – disrupts mucociliary clearance and increases possibility of neoplasia
large airways
The following is due to the obstruction of what type of airway?
Major site of increased resistance
Goblet cell metaplasia (replaces Clara cells – surfactant is reduced) and infiltration of inflammatory cells
Fibrosis and extracellular matrix destruction
small airways
The destruction of what type of airway results in large open air spaces in emphysema?
parenchyma
What type of COPD is characterized by the following:
Destruction of elastin in lungs
Causes flabby lungs
Expiration causes collapse of airways
emphysema
What type of COPD is can be clinically diagnosed by the chronic productive cough for greater than 3 months for the past two consecutive years?
bronchitis
This type of COPD is cause by the destruction of airways by mucus
bronchitis
True or False: Microbial infections do not contribute to symptoms and disease progression of bronchitis
False: Microbial infections do contribute to symptoms and disease progression of bronchitis
True or False: Almost all patients are combination of emphysema and chronic bronchitis
True
Which of the following are not symptoms of COPD?
a) cough
b) inexplicable fear
c) sputum production
d) exertional dyspnea
b) inexplicable fear
inflammation of nasopharynx due to allergens is the definition of?
allergic rhinitis
How do you treat allergic rhinitis?
treat symptoms
lifestyle changes to avoid allergens
saline irrigation
cool compress for eyse
To expel foreign matter from the tracheobronchial tree, our body produces what kind of a response?
cough
what type of receptor responds to particulate matter to initiate a cough?
mechanoreceptors
What type of receptor responds to irritating substances to initiate cough?
chemoreceptors