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188 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
use of a chemical for therapeutic purposes is the definition of?
changer chemotherapy
Toxicity that is selective (specific) for the invading organism/cell by targeting functional cellular differences is the definition of?
Selective toxicity
A cell that is growing out of control is the definition of?
cancer
What is the problem with selective toxicity?
difficult to find unique target for cancer cell vs our healthy cells since they are the same
a tumor that can result in death and is capable of metastasizing or breaking the boundaries of the initial organ to colonize in other organs is the definition of?
malignant tumor
A tumor that does not cause necrosis of neighboring tissue is the definition of?
Benign tumor
names that end in carcinoma are what type of cancer?
malignant cancer that originates from the epithelial
names that end in sarcoma are what type of cancer
malignant cancer that originates from connective tissue
Melanoma is what type of cancer, malignant or benign?
malignant
Glioma is what type of cancer, malignant or benign?
Benign, but can result in death
What are the targets of most available cancer chemotherapeutic agents?
DNA
Cell cycle proteins
other proteins crucial to cell replication/survival
blood supply
Debulking followed by another form of therapy reduces the remaining 001% of cancer cells thus reduces the chances of cancer recurrance is a strategies utilizing what hypothesis?
log-kill hypothesis
This class of chemotherapy drug targets cells that arein specific segments of the cell cycle
CCS drugs (cell cycle specific drugs)
Drugs that can kill both Go and cycling cells are what kind of drug?
cell-cycle non specific drugs (CCNS drugs)
altretamine (Hexalen) fall under what class?
alkylating
bendamustine fall under what class?
alkylating agents
busulfan fall under what class?
alkylating
carboplatin fall under that class?
alkylating
carmustine (BCNU) fall under what class?
alkylating
chlorambucil fall under what class?
alkylating
cisplatin fall under what class?
akylating
cyclophosphamide fall under what class?
alkylating
dacarbazine fall under what class?
alkylating
lomustine (CCNU) fall under what class?
alkylating
mechlorethamine fall under what class?
alkylating
melphalan fall under what class?
alkylating
oxaliplatin fall under what class?
alkylating
procarbazine fall under what class?
alkylating
semustine fall under what class?
alkylating
streptozocin fall under what class?
alkylating
temozolomide fall under what class?
alkylating
thiotepa fall under what class?
alkylating
triethylenemelamine fall under what class?
alkylating
What class of drug has the following MOA: alkylation at N7 position of guanine resulting in transfer of a group that blocks the replication machinery to prevent tumor growth + alkylation of cellular proteins?
alkylating
True or False: most alkylating agents are bifunctional where 2 agent molecule can alkylate the same target molecules
False
most alkylating agents are bifunctional. They have 1 agent molecule that can alkylate 2 different target molecule
Name the subclass: cyclophosphamide
Bis(chloro-ethyl) amine
Name the subclass: mechlorethamine
bis(chloro-ethyl) amine
Name the subclass: melphalan
bis(chloro-ethyl) amine
Name the subclass: chlorambucil
bis(chloro-ethyl) amine
Name the subclass: bendamustine
bis(chloro-ethyl) amine
Name the subclass: Carmustine
nitrosurea
Name the subclass: lomustine
nitrosureas
Name the subclass: semustine
nitrosureas
Name the subclass: streptozocin
nitrosureass
Name the subclass: thiotepa
ethyleneimines or aziridines
Name the subclass: thriethylenemelamine
ehtyleneimine/aziridine
Name the subclass: altretamine
ethlyeneimine/aziridine
Name the subclass: cisplatin
platinum
Name the subclass: carboplatin
platinum
Name the subclass: oxaliplatin
platinum
Name the subclass: busulfan
alkylsulfonate
Name the subclass: temozolomide
imidazotetrazine derivative
Name the subclass: procarbazine
methylhydrazine derivative
Name the subclass: dacarbazine
imidazole carboxamide
Chloro-ethylamine group alkylate the N7 of 2 adjacent purines, resulting in cross-linked DNA strands is the MOA of what subclass?
Bis(chloro-ethy) amine
Alkylation of guanine N7 (cytotoxicity through guanine O6 alkylation) leading to G-C crosslinks is the MOA of what subclass?
nitrosureas
What alkylating agent subclass is lipid soluble?
nitrosureas
This subclass forms interstrand and intrastrand DNA cross-links, inhibiting DNA synthesis and function and contains platinum
platinum analogs
This drug is a first generation platinum analog
cisplatin
This drug is a platinum analog second generation
carboplatin
This drugs is a third generation platinum analog
oxaliplatin
This platinum analog is part of the FOLFOX regimen used as a first-line treatment for advanced colorectal cancer
oxaliplatin
This subclass has the following MOA: Undergoes rapid nonenzymatic conversion at physiological pH to reactive compound MTIC. MTIC alkylates the DNA at O6 and N7 of guanine
imidazotetrazine derivative
This subclass has the following MOA: unclear but may inhibit protein, RNA, and DNA synthesis
methyhydrazine derivative
This subclass has the following MOA: unknown but there are 3 hypothesis - 1) inhibition of DNA synthesis as a purine analog, 2) alkylating agent, 3) interaction with sulfhydryl groups
imidazole carboxamide
What is the class: capecitabine
antimetabolite
What is the class: cladribine
antimetabolite
What is the class: cytarabine
antimetabolite
What is the class: fludarabine
antimetabolite
What is the class: 5-flourouracil
antimetabolite
What is the class: gemcitabine
antimetabolite
What is the class: 6-mercaptopurine
antimetabolite
What is the class: methorexate
antimetabolite
What is the class: pemetrexed
antimetabolite
What is the class: 6-thioguanine
antimetabolite
What class of drug have the following MOA: inhibits nucleotide and nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting enzymes involved in cell replication pathways and mimicing nucleotides for incorporation into nucleic acids
antimetabolites
Name the subclass: methotrexate
dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) antagonist
Name the sublcass: pemetrexed
dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) antagonist
This subclass has the following MOA: inhibits DHFR which reduces folic acid to dihydrofolate (DHF)
dihydrofolate reductase
This cofacter is essential for the de novo synthesis of thymidine, purine nucleotides, serine and methionine which leads to the production of DNA, RNA, and key cellular proteins
folic acid
This drug has the following MOA: binds to active catalytic site of DHFR to interfere with the production of DNA, RNA, and key cellular proteins
methotrexate
This drug has the following MOA: targets DHFR, but main action is through inhibition of thymidylate synthase
pemetrexed
What methytransferase convers dUMP to dTMP?
thymidylate synthase
Name the subclass: 6-thiopurine
purine antagonist
Name the subclass: 6-mercaptopurine
purine antagonist
Name the subclass: 6-thioguanine
purine antagonist
Name the subclass: fludarabine
purine antagonist
Name thie subclass: cladribine
purine antagonist
What subclass of antimetabolites have the following MOA: inhibition of several enzymes in the de novo purine nucleotide biosynthetic pathway to decrease DNA and RNA synthesis
purine antagonist
What drugs are purine antagonist that inhibit DNA polymerase alpha and beta?
fludarabine
cladribine
Name the subclass: 5-flourouracil
pyrimidine antagonist
name the subclass: capecitabine
pyrimidine antagonist
name the subclass: cytarabine
pyrimidine antagonist
name the subclass: gemcitabine
pyrimidine antagonist
This drug has the following MOA: Prodrug whose active metabolite covalently binds to thymidylate synthase to prevent dTMP synthesis
5-flourouracil and capecitabine
This prodrug is converted to 5-flourouracil
capecitabine
This pyrimidine antagonist inhbits DNA polymerase alpha and beta
cytarabine
This drug is a deoxycytidine analog
gemcitabine
This drug mimics cytidine to incorporate itself into DNA and prevent elongation via inhibtion of ribonucleotide reductase
gemcitabine
Name the class: doxetaxel
plant alkaloids
Name the class: etoposide
plant alkaloid
Name the class: irinotecan
plant alkaloid
Name the class: paclitaxel
plant alkaloid
Name the class: teniposide
plant alkaloid
Name the class: topotecan
plant alkaloid
Name the class: vinblastine
plant alkaloid
Name the class: vincristine
plant alkaloid
Name the class: vinorelbine
plant alkaloid
This subclass inhibit tubulin polymerization thus halting cell cycle to lead to death
vinca alkaloids
This drug is the sythetic version of vinca alkaloids
vinorelbine
Name the subclass: vinblastine
vinca alkaloids
name the subclass: vincristine
vinca alkaloids
name the subclass: vinorelbine
vinca alkaloids
This subclass inhibits topisomerase II causing strand breakage and cell death
epipodophyllotoxins
name the subclass: etoposide
epipodophyllotoxins
name the subclass: teniposide
epipophyllotoxins
This subclass enhance abnormal microtubule assembly
taxanes
name the subclass: paclitaxel
taxane
name the subclass: docetaxel
taxane
name the class: bleomycin
antitumor antibiotics
name the class: dactinomycin
antitumor antibiotics
name the class: daunorubicin
antitumor antibiotics
name the class: doxorubicin
antitumor antibiotics
name the class: epirubicin
antitumor antibiotics
name the class: idarubicin
antitumor antibiotics
name the class: mitomycin
antitumor antibiotics
name the class: mitoxantrone
antitumor antibiotics
all of the anticancer antibiotics now being used in clinical practice are producst of various strains of what soil microbe?
strptomyces
This subclass inhibits topoisomerase II, has high-affinity binding to DNA through intercalation, binds to cell membranes, and generates semiquinone free radicals and oxygen free radicals
anthracycline
name the subclass: doxorubicin
anthracycline
name the subclass: daunorubicin
anthracycline
name the subclass: idarubicin
anthracycline
name the subclass: epirubicin
anthracycline
this subclass bind to DNA to produce strand breaking and inhibit DNA and RNA synthesis. It resembles anthracycline ring structure
anthracene
name the subclass: mitoxantrone
anthracene
this subclass is an intercalating agent that binds between guanine and cytosine base pairs to block replication
actinomycin
name the subclass: dactonomycin
actinomycin
This drug is an alkylating agent that cross-links DNA and is also an antibiotic
mitomycin
This drug dings to DNA at one end and produces hydroxyl radicals with the other end in close proximity to the DNA to ensure DNA damage.
bleomycin
How does bleomycin bind to DNA at one end and produce hydroxy free radicals at the other end?
it has a DNA binding domain at one end and an iron-binding domain at the opposite end
name the class: aminoglutethimide
hormonal agents
name the class: anastrozole
hormonal agents
name the class: bicalutamide
hormonal agents
name the class: exemestane
hormonal agents
name the class: flutamide
hormonal agents
name the class: letrozole
hormonal agents
name the class: raloxifene
hormonal agents
name the class: tamoxifene
hormonal agents
name the class: buserelin
hormonal agents
name the class: nafarelin
hormonal agents
name the class: histrelin
hormonal agents
name the class: deslorelin
hormonal agents
name the class: cetrorelix
hormonal agents
name the class: ganirelix
hormonal agents
name the class: abarelix
hormonal agents
name the class: degarelix
hormonal agents
This subclass is a nonsteroidal antiandrogen agent that blocks adrogen recpetors thus inhibiting androgen effects in AR(+) tumor cells which depend of adrogen for survival
androgen receptor antagonist
name the subclass: flutamide
androgen receptor antagonist
name the subclass: biculatamide
androgen receptor antagonist
name the subclass: tamoxifen
estrogen receptor antagonist
name the subclass: raloxifene
estrogen receptor antagonist
This subclass is an estrogen receptro partial agonist
estrogen receptor antagonist
This drug may or may not treat osteoporosis, treats breast cancer, but increases the risk for second primary uterine cancer
tamoxifen
This drug treats breast cancer and osteoporosis but does not increase the risk for uterine cancer
raloxifene
This subclass bind to GnRH receptors and prevents gonadal release of estrogens and androgens
gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and antagonist
Drugs that end in relix are GnRH agonist or antagonist?
antagonist
Drugs that end in "relin" fall under GnRH agonist or antagoinst?
agonist
This subclass inhibits steroid hormone synthesis that stimulate growth hormone sensitive cancer
aromatase inhibitors
name the subclass: animoglutethimide
aromatase inhibitor
name the subclass: anastrozole
aromatase inhibitor
name the subclass: exemestane
aromatase inhibitor
This drug inhibits the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone which is the first step in corticosteroid synthesis
aminoglutethimide
Other than inhibiting the coversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone, what do aminoglutethimide also do?
inhibits tissue synthesis of estrone and estradiol
these drugs are reversible aromatase inhibitors
anastrazole
letrozole
this drug is an irreversible aromatase inhibitor
exemestane
This drug is a non-competitive Bcr-Abl receptor antagonist
imatinib
True or False: Bcr-Abl is an oncoprotein
True
This drug is a non-selective tyrosine kinase receptor antagonist
dasatinib
These drugs are epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors
cetuximab
gefitinib
erlotinib
This drug is a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitor
bevacizumab
What enzyme breaks down L-asparagine?
L-asparagine amidohydrolase
This drug removes circulating L-asparagine that is necessary for tumor cell survival
asparaginase
This drug is a urea analog that inhibits ribonucleotide reductase
hydroxyurea
This drug is a retinoic acid derivative
Tretinoin
These drugs induce terminal differentiation thus preventing proliferation
tretinoin
arsenic trioxide
This subclass inhibits topoisomerase I to prevent cutting and religating of ssDNA
camptothecins
name the subclass: topotecan
camtothecin
name the subclass: irinotecan
camtothecin