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188 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
use of a chemical for therapeutic purposes is the definition of?
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changer chemotherapy
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Toxicity that is selective (specific) for the invading organism/cell by targeting functional cellular differences is the definition of?
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Selective toxicity
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A cell that is growing out of control is the definition of?
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cancer
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What is the problem with selective toxicity?
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difficult to find unique target for cancer cell vs our healthy cells since they are the same
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a tumor that can result in death and is capable of metastasizing or breaking the boundaries of the initial organ to colonize in other organs is the definition of?
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malignant tumor
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A tumor that does not cause necrosis of neighboring tissue is the definition of?
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Benign tumor
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names that end in carcinoma are what type of cancer?
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malignant cancer that originates from the epithelial
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names that end in sarcoma are what type of cancer
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malignant cancer that originates from connective tissue
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Melanoma is what type of cancer, malignant or benign?
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malignant
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Glioma is what type of cancer, malignant or benign?
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Benign, but can result in death
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What are the targets of most available cancer chemotherapeutic agents?
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DNA
Cell cycle proteins other proteins crucial to cell replication/survival blood supply |
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Debulking followed by another form of therapy reduces the remaining 001% of cancer cells thus reduces the chances of cancer recurrance is a strategies utilizing what hypothesis?
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log-kill hypothesis
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This class of chemotherapy drug targets cells that arein specific segments of the cell cycle
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CCS drugs (cell cycle specific drugs)
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Drugs that can kill both Go and cycling cells are what kind of drug?
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cell-cycle non specific drugs (CCNS drugs)
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altretamine (Hexalen) fall under what class?
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alkylating
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bendamustine fall under what class?
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alkylating agents
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busulfan fall under what class?
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alkylating
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carboplatin fall under that class?
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alkylating
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carmustine (BCNU) fall under what class?
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alkylating
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chlorambucil fall under what class?
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alkylating
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cisplatin fall under what class?
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akylating
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cyclophosphamide fall under what class?
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alkylating
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dacarbazine fall under what class?
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alkylating
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lomustine (CCNU) fall under what class?
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alkylating
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mechlorethamine fall under what class?
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alkylating
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melphalan fall under what class?
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alkylating
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oxaliplatin fall under what class?
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alkylating
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procarbazine fall under what class?
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alkylating
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semustine fall under what class?
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alkylating
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streptozocin fall under what class?
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alkylating
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temozolomide fall under what class?
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alkylating
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thiotepa fall under what class?
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alkylating
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triethylenemelamine fall under what class?
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alkylating
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What class of drug has the following MOA: alkylation at N7 position of guanine resulting in transfer of a group that blocks the replication machinery to prevent tumor growth + alkylation of cellular proteins?
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alkylating
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True or False: most alkylating agents are bifunctional where 2 agent molecule can alkylate the same target molecules
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False
most alkylating agents are bifunctional. They have 1 agent molecule that can alkylate 2 different target molecule |
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Name the subclass: cyclophosphamide
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Bis(chloro-ethyl) amine
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Name the subclass: mechlorethamine
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bis(chloro-ethyl) amine
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Name the subclass: melphalan
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bis(chloro-ethyl) amine
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Name the subclass: chlorambucil
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bis(chloro-ethyl) amine
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Name the subclass: bendamustine
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bis(chloro-ethyl) amine
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Name the subclass: Carmustine
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nitrosurea
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Name the subclass: lomustine
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nitrosureas
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Name the subclass: semustine
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nitrosureas
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Name the subclass: streptozocin
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nitrosureass
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Name the subclass: thiotepa
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ethyleneimines or aziridines
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Name the subclass: thriethylenemelamine
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ehtyleneimine/aziridine
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Name the subclass: altretamine
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ethlyeneimine/aziridine
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Name the subclass: cisplatin
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platinum
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Name the subclass: carboplatin
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platinum
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Name the subclass: oxaliplatin
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platinum
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Name the subclass: busulfan
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alkylsulfonate
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Name the subclass: temozolomide
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imidazotetrazine derivative
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Name the subclass: procarbazine
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methylhydrazine derivative
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Name the subclass: dacarbazine
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imidazole carboxamide
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Chloro-ethylamine group alkylate the N7 of 2 adjacent purines, resulting in cross-linked DNA strands is the MOA of what subclass?
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Bis(chloro-ethy) amine
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Alkylation of guanine N7 (cytotoxicity through guanine O6 alkylation) leading to G-C crosslinks is the MOA of what subclass?
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nitrosureas
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What alkylating agent subclass is lipid soluble?
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nitrosureas
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This subclass forms interstrand and intrastrand DNA cross-links, inhibiting DNA synthesis and function and contains platinum
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platinum analogs
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This drug is a first generation platinum analog
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cisplatin
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This drug is a platinum analog second generation
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carboplatin
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This drugs is a third generation platinum analog
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oxaliplatin
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This platinum analog is part of the FOLFOX regimen used as a first-line treatment for advanced colorectal cancer
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oxaliplatin
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This subclass has the following MOA: Undergoes rapid nonenzymatic conversion at physiological pH to reactive compound MTIC. MTIC alkylates the DNA at O6 and N7 of guanine
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imidazotetrazine derivative
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This subclass has the following MOA: unclear but may inhibit protein, RNA, and DNA synthesis
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methyhydrazine derivative
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This subclass has the following MOA: unknown but there are 3 hypothesis - 1) inhibition of DNA synthesis as a purine analog, 2) alkylating agent, 3) interaction with sulfhydryl groups
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imidazole carboxamide
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What is the class: capecitabine
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antimetabolite
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What is the class: cladribine
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antimetabolite
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What is the class: cytarabine
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antimetabolite
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What is the class: fludarabine
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antimetabolite
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What is the class: 5-flourouracil
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antimetabolite
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What is the class: gemcitabine
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antimetabolite
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What is the class: 6-mercaptopurine
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antimetabolite
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What is the class: methorexate
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antimetabolite
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What is the class: pemetrexed
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antimetabolite
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What is the class: 6-thioguanine
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antimetabolite
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What class of drug have the following MOA: inhibits nucleotide and nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting enzymes involved in cell replication pathways and mimicing nucleotides for incorporation into nucleic acids
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antimetabolites
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Name the subclass: methotrexate
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dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) antagonist
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Name the sublcass: pemetrexed
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dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) antagonist
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This subclass has the following MOA: inhibits DHFR which reduces folic acid to dihydrofolate (DHF)
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dihydrofolate reductase
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This cofacter is essential for the de novo synthesis of thymidine, purine nucleotides, serine and methionine which leads to the production of DNA, RNA, and key cellular proteins
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folic acid
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This drug has the following MOA: binds to active catalytic site of DHFR to interfere with the production of DNA, RNA, and key cellular proteins
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methotrexate
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This drug has the following MOA: targets DHFR, but main action is through inhibition of thymidylate synthase
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pemetrexed
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What methytransferase convers dUMP to dTMP?
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thymidylate synthase
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Name the subclass: 6-thiopurine
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purine antagonist
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Name the subclass: 6-mercaptopurine
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purine antagonist
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Name the subclass: 6-thioguanine
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purine antagonist
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Name the subclass: fludarabine
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purine antagonist
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Name thie subclass: cladribine
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purine antagonist
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What subclass of antimetabolites have the following MOA: inhibition of several enzymes in the de novo purine nucleotide biosynthetic pathway to decrease DNA and RNA synthesis
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purine antagonist
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What drugs are purine antagonist that inhibit DNA polymerase alpha and beta?
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fludarabine
cladribine |
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Name the subclass: 5-flourouracil
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pyrimidine antagonist
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name the subclass: capecitabine
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pyrimidine antagonist
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name the subclass: cytarabine
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pyrimidine antagonist
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name the subclass: gemcitabine
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pyrimidine antagonist
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This drug has the following MOA: Prodrug whose active metabolite covalently binds to thymidylate synthase to prevent dTMP synthesis
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5-flourouracil and capecitabine
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This prodrug is converted to 5-flourouracil
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capecitabine
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This pyrimidine antagonist inhbits DNA polymerase alpha and beta
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cytarabine
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This drug is a deoxycytidine analog
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gemcitabine
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This drug mimics cytidine to incorporate itself into DNA and prevent elongation via inhibtion of ribonucleotide reductase
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gemcitabine
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Name the class: doxetaxel
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plant alkaloids
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Name the class: etoposide
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plant alkaloid
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Name the class: irinotecan
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plant alkaloid
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Name the class: paclitaxel
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plant alkaloid
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Name the class: teniposide
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plant alkaloid
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Name the class: topotecan
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plant alkaloid
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Name the class: vinblastine
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plant alkaloid
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Name the class: vincristine
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plant alkaloid
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Name the class: vinorelbine
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plant alkaloid
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This subclass inhibit tubulin polymerization thus halting cell cycle to lead to death
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vinca alkaloids
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This drug is the sythetic version of vinca alkaloids
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vinorelbine
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Name the subclass: vinblastine
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vinca alkaloids
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name the subclass: vincristine
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vinca alkaloids
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name the subclass: vinorelbine
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vinca alkaloids
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This subclass inhibits topisomerase II causing strand breakage and cell death
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epipodophyllotoxins
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name the subclass: etoposide
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epipodophyllotoxins
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name the subclass: teniposide
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epipophyllotoxins
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This subclass enhance abnormal microtubule assembly
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taxanes
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name the subclass: paclitaxel
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taxane
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name the subclass: docetaxel
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taxane
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name the class: bleomycin
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antitumor antibiotics
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name the class: dactinomycin
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antitumor antibiotics
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name the class: daunorubicin
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antitumor antibiotics
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name the class: doxorubicin
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antitumor antibiotics
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name the class: epirubicin
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antitumor antibiotics
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name the class: idarubicin
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antitumor antibiotics
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name the class: mitomycin
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antitumor antibiotics
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name the class: mitoxantrone
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antitumor antibiotics
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all of the anticancer antibiotics now being used in clinical practice are producst of various strains of what soil microbe?
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strptomyces
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This subclass inhibits topoisomerase II, has high-affinity binding to DNA through intercalation, binds to cell membranes, and generates semiquinone free radicals and oxygen free radicals
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anthracycline
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name the subclass: doxorubicin
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anthracycline
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name the subclass: daunorubicin
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anthracycline
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name the subclass: idarubicin
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anthracycline
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name the subclass: epirubicin
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anthracycline
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this subclass bind to DNA to produce strand breaking and inhibit DNA and RNA synthesis. It resembles anthracycline ring structure
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anthracene
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name the subclass: mitoxantrone
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anthracene
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this subclass is an intercalating agent that binds between guanine and cytosine base pairs to block replication
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actinomycin
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name the subclass: dactonomycin
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actinomycin
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This drug is an alkylating agent that cross-links DNA and is also an antibiotic
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mitomycin
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This drug dings to DNA at one end and produces hydroxyl radicals with the other end in close proximity to the DNA to ensure DNA damage.
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bleomycin
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How does bleomycin bind to DNA at one end and produce hydroxy free radicals at the other end?
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it has a DNA binding domain at one end and an iron-binding domain at the opposite end
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name the class: aminoglutethimide
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hormonal agents
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name the class: anastrozole
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hormonal agents
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name the class: bicalutamide
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hormonal agents
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name the class: exemestane
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hormonal agents
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name the class: flutamide
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hormonal agents
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name the class: letrozole
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hormonal agents
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name the class: raloxifene
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hormonal agents
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name the class: tamoxifene
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hormonal agents
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name the class: buserelin
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hormonal agents
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name the class: nafarelin
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hormonal agents
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name the class: histrelin
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hormonal agents
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name the class: deslorelin
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hormonal agents
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name the class: cetrorelix
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hormonal agents
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name the class: ganirelix
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hormonal agents
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name the class: abarelix
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hormonal agents
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name the class: degarelix
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hormonal agents
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This subclass is a nonsteroidal antiandrogen agent that blocks adrogen recpetors thus inhibiting androgen effects in AR(+) tumor cells which depend of adrogen for survival
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androgen receptor antagonist
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name the subclass: flutamide
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androgen receptor antagonist
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name the subclass: biculatamide
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androgen receptor antagonist
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name the subclass: tamoxifen
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estrogen receptor antagonist
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name the subclass: raloxifene
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estrogen receptor antagonist
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This subclass is an estrogen receptro partial agonist
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estrogen receptor antagonist
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This drug may or may not treat osteoporosis, treats breast cancer, but increases the risk for second primary uterine cancer
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tamoxifen
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This drug treats breast cancer and osteoporosis but does not increase the risk for uterine cancer
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raloxifene
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This subclass bind to GnRH receptors and prevents gonadal release of estrogens and androgens
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gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and antagonist
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Drugs that end in relix are GnRH agonist or antagonist?
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antagonist
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Drugs that end in "relin" fall under GnRH agonist or antagoinst?
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agonist
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This subclass inhibits steroid hormone synthesis that stimulate growth hormone sensitive cancer
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aromatase inhibitors
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name the subclass: animoglutethimide
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aromatase inhibitor
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name the subclass: anastrozole
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aromatase inhibitor
|
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name the subclass: exemestane
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aromatase inhibitor
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This drug inhibits the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone which is the first step in corticosteroid synthesis
|
aminoglutethimide
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Other than inhibiting the coversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone, what do aminoglutethimide also do?
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inhibits tissue synthesis of estrone and estradiol
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these drugs are reversible aromatase inhibitors
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anastrazole
letrozole |
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this drug is an irreversible aromatase inhibitor
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exemestane
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This drug is a non-competitive Bcr-Abl receptor antagonist
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imatinib
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True or False: Bcr-Abl is an oncoprotein
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True
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This drug is a non-selective tyrosine kinase receptor antagonist
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dasatinib
|
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These drugs are epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors
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cetuximab
gefitinib erlotinib |
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This drug is a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitor
|
bevacizumab
|
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What enzyme breaks down L-asparagine?
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L-asparagine amidohydrolase
|
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This drug removes circulating L-asparagine that is necessary for tumor cell survival
|
asparaginase
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This drug is a urea analog that inhibits ribonucleotide reductase
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hydroxyurea
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This drug is a retinoic acid derivative
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Tretinoin
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These drugs induce terminal differentiation thus preventing proliferation
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tretinoin
arsenic trioxide |
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This subclass inhibits topoisomerase I to prevent cutting and religating of ssDNA
|
camptothecins
|
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name the subclass: topotecan
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camtothecin
|
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name the subclass: irinotecan
|
camtothecin
|