Phar 341 - Ans

Front 1

What is the main function of the ANS?

Back 1

Homeostasis

Front 2

Describe the neuronal pathway of the ANS.

Back 2

Original neuron is inside the CNS

1. Pre-ganglionic fiber

Effector neuron is outside CNS

2. Post-ganglionic effector neuron

3. Post-ganglionic fiber

4. Neuro-effector junction

Front 3

Difference between cells of origin (preganglionic neuron) in PNS and SNS?

Back 3

SNS: Thoracic and upper lumbar spinal cord

PNS: Brainstem (CN) and saccral spinal cord

Front 4

Difference in number of nerves for PNS and SNS?

Back 4

SNS: Many

PNS: Few - the vagus (x) is the major nerve

Front 5

Which cranial nerves innervate the PNS? (4)

Back 5

1. CN III - Occulomotor

2. CN VII - Facial

3. CN IX - Glossopharyngeal

4. CN X - Vagus (major)

Front 6

Effect of SNS and PNS on heart:

Back 6

SNS: Accelerate sinus rate, increase ventricular contraction force

PNS: Slowed sinus rate, no effect on force

*Opposed

Front 7

Effect of SNS and PNS on bronchioles:

Back 7

SNS: Dilation

PNS: Constriction

*Opposed

Front 8

Effect of SNS and PNS on eyes:

Back 8

SNS: Pupil dilation

PNS: Pupil constriction

*Opposed

Front 9

Effect of SNS and PNS on GIT secretion:

Back 9

SNS: None

PNS: Increased

Front 10

Effect of SNS and PNS on GIT muscle walls and sphincters?

Back 10

SNS: Relax muscles, contract sphincter

PNS: Contract muscles, relax sphincter

*Opposed

Front 11

Effect of SNS and PNS on urinary bladder (fundus and sphincter):

Back 11

SNS: Relax fundus, contract sphincter

PNS: Contract fundus, relax sphincter

*Opposed

Front 12

Effect of SNS and PNS on salivary glands:

Back 12

SNS: Secretion (thick)

PNS: Secretion (watery)

* Parallel

Front 13

Which parts of the body are there effects by the SNS, unopposed by the PNS?

Back 13

1. Salivary glands (secretion)

2. Piloerectors (constrict)

3. Spleen (constrict)

4. Blood vessels (constrict)

Front 14

Which division of the ANS includes a mass activation of multiple body organs?

a. PNS

b. SNS

Back 14

b. SNS

Front 15

What results anatomically from activation of sympathetic nervous system? (6)

Back 15

1. Increased heart rate

2. Increased BP

3. Blood flow shunted from skin to muscles

4. Increased sweat

5. Pupils and bronchioles dilate

6. Digestive functions decreased

Front 16

How does mass activation of body organs occur? (3)

Back 16

1. SNS ganglia are located far away from organ, and may diverge and innervate many organs.

2. Pre-ganglionic fibers may also innervate many post ganglionic fibers.

3. SNS-activated adrenal medulla also releases adrenaline into blood, stimulating many organs and tissues.

Front 17

How are neuronal fibers laid out for the PNS in relation to number of fibers and distance from CNS?

Back 17

1. Long pre-ganglionic fibers

2. Short post ganglionic fibers, located very closely to target organ

Front 18

What results anatomically from activation of parasympathetic nervous system?

Back 18

*No mass activation

1. Heart rate decrease

2. Decrease BP

3. Constrict pupils

4. Increase digestion

5. Promotes emptying of bladder and rectum

Front 19

Describe the baroreceptor reflex

Back 19

Baroreceptor reflex used to regulate blood pressure on carotid sinus and aortic arch.

Signals are sent to vasomotor center of medulla oblongata.

PNS and SNS change vascular tone, contractile force, and heart rate and causes arterioles to change BP.

Front 20

In the SNS, the effector neuron releases 1. ___ into 2. ___ receptors for the heart.

Back 20

1. Noradrenaline

2. Adrenergic

Front 21

In the SNS, the effector neuron releases 1. ___ into 2. ___ receptors for sweat glands.

Back 21

1. Acetylcholine

2. Muscarinic

Front 22

In the SNS, the effector neuron releases 1. ___ into 2. ____ receptors for the kidneys and other cells.

Back 22

1. Dopamine

2. Dopamine receptor

Front 23

In the SNS, the effector neuron releases 1. ___ into 2. ___ receptors for salivary glands.

Back 23

1. Noradrenaline

2. Adrenergic

Front 24

In the SNS, chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla release 1. ____ into the blood stream when stimulated by 2. ____ of the preganglionic neuron.

Back 24

1. Epinephrine

2. Acetylcholine

Front 25

In the PNS, the effector neuron releases 1. ____ into 2. ____ receptors of salivary glands.

Back 25

1. Acetylcholine

2. Muscarinic

Front 26

In the PNS, the motor effector neuron releases 1. ____ into 2. ____ receptors of skeletal muscles.

Back 26

1. Acetylcholine

2. Nicotinic

Front 27

Atropine is a muscarinic receptor antagonist. Which divisions of the ANS will it act on?

Back 27

PNS - salivary glands

SNS - sweat glands

Front 28

Hemicholinium is a neuronal nicotinic receptor antagonist. Which divisions of the ANS will it act on?

Back 28

Both divisions, as preganglionic fibers of both divisions release acetylcholine into nicotinic receptors of effector neurons.

Front 29

Propanolol is an adrenergic receptor antagonist( AKA beta blocker) for the treatment of high BP. Which division of ANS will it act on?

Back 29

Sympathetic - it will decrease heart rate and force, therefore decrease BP.

Front 30

Labetelol is both an alpha and beta blocker (basically blocks sympathetic output). How does this affect baroreceptor reflex?

Back 30

It blocks the baroreceptor reflex, which makes it also difficult to detect low blood pressure.

A patient may experience orthostatic hypotension.

Front 31

Which 1. neurotransmitter and 2. receptor is involved in all autonomic ganglia in the ANS?

Back 31

1. Acetylcholine

2. Nicotinic

Front 32

In the SNS, noradrenaline is the neurotransmitter released by post ganglionic fibers in all neuroeffector sites except 1.____

Instead, 2. ___ is released.

Back 32

1. Sweat glands

2. Acetylcholine

Front 33

Noradrenaline activates post ganglionic adrenergic 1. ____ and 2. ___ receptors.

Back 33

1. Alpha

2. Beta

These are found only in the SNS.

Front 34

___ is the neurotransmitter released at all PNS parasympathetic postganglionic neuroeffector sites.

Back 34

Acetylcholine

Front 35

Which neuropeptides are co-released by effector neurons in both divisions of the ANS?

a. substance P

b. galanin

c. vasoactive intestinal polypeptides

d. neuropeptide Y

e. calcitonin gene-related peptides

Back 35

c, d

Front 36

Blood vessels are innervated by which division of the ANS?

Back 36

Sympathetic

Front 37

Which neurotransmitter is released to activate salivary glands?

Back 37

Noradrenaline (sympathetic) and acetylcholine (parasympathetic)