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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the enzymatic activity for polymorphism CYP2C9*2? |
60-70% of normal |
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What is the enzymatic activity for polymorphism CYP2C9*3? |
5% or normal |
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What percentage of interindividual variability of warfarin dosing in caucasians can be explained by genetics? |
30-40% can be explained by genetic polymorphisms. |
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Which genes contribute to variability in warfarin dosing? |
CYP2C9 (5-15%) VKORC1 (10-30%) CYP4F2 (1-2%) |
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Which polymorphism of CYP2C9 is found in Asian populations? |
*3 is found in 6-8% of Asian populations, whereas *2 is virtually nonexistant. |
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What are the 3 most common genotypes for VKORC1? |
GG, AG, AA |
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What are the 2 common haplotypes of VKORC1? |
A and B. Both are composed of 5 non-coding SNPs. |
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Define: haplotype |
A combination of alleles that are commonly inherited together. |
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Which gene influences time to first therapeutic INR (efficacy)? |
VKORC1 haplotypes. CYP2C9 not associated. |
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Which gene influences time to get to INR>4 (toxicity)? |
Both VKORC1 and CYP2C9 |
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MOA of statins? |
Statins inhibit HMG CoA reductase, which is used to convert acetyle CoA to mevalonate, a precursor to cholesterol. |
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What is a common side effect from statin use? |
Myopathy (muscle pain or weakness with elevated creatinine kinase levels). Symptoms range from mild myalgia to rhabdomylosis. Can be up to 10% of clinical cases. |
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What are risk factors for myopathy? |
1. High statin doses 2. Use of drugs that increase statin bioavailability 3. Genetics |
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What is the function of SLCO1B1 gene? |
It codes for organic anion transporting polypeptide C (OAT 1B1). This transports statins (except fluvastatin) to hepatocytes. |
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Effect of SLCO1B1*5 variant? |
Amino acid change of 174Val/Ala, reducing OAT1B1 transport activity. This increases statin bioavailability, therefore is a risk factor of myopathy. |
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The genome wide association study for statins and cardiovascular events was useful. T/F |
True |
