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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How do Penicillin kill bacteria?
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They weaken the cell wall, causing bacteria to take up water and rupture
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Penecillin are bacteriocidal, meaning they (kill or stop growth) of bacteria?
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Kill
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Why Is TB hard to treat?
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because they divide slowly, and bacteriocidal penicillins only kill actively dividing cells!
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What are the 2 reasons for bacterial resistance to Penicillin?
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Inability of Penicillin to reach thier target
**Inactivation of the penicillin by bacterial enzymes (some bacteria produce Penicillinase, which inactivates penicillin and kills the antibiotic--MRSA) |
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What Kind of Organisms are Penicillin effective against?
(Gram +, or -)? Why? |
Gram +, because Penicillin molecules are small and can only pass through gram + cell wall, Penicillin cannot penetrate Gram - organism's OUTER WALL)
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What are the 4 Penicillin Types?
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Narrow Spectrum -- Penicillinase Sensative
Narrow Spectrum -- Penicillinase Resistant Broad Spectrum Extended Spectrum |
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What is the difference between Broad Spectrum and Extended Spectrum?
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Broad spectrum kills broad variety of bacteria, Extended spectrum kills VERY broad variety of bacteria!
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What causes Penicillin not to work?
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Penicillinase
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How does Penicillinase work?
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Penicillinase changes structure of Penicillin molecule to make it inactive.
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Why is Penicillin considered the least toxic of all antibiotics?
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Because Mammals Lacks cell walls which is what Penicillin attacks!
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True or False, Penicillin is the most common drug allergy!
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True
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What was the First Penicillin available?
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Penicillin G
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What is Penicillin G the Drug of Choice for?
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Drug of Choice for infections caused by Gram + Cocci
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What is Penicillin G used Prophylactically for?
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Syphillis, and Rheumatic Fever
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True or False, Penicillin G antibiotics are effective against Penicillinase-producing organisms.
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False, They are NOT effective against penicillinase-producing organisms-- SO YOU MUST DO A CULTURE AND SENSATIVITY TEST!
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Is Methacillin a Narrow spectrum Penicillinase (Resistant or Sensative) Antibiotic?
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Narrow spectrum penicillinase RESISTANT antibiotic
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What is Narrow Spectrum Penicillinase-Resistant antibiotics the Drug of Choice for?
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Most Staph infections!
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True or False, Aminopenicillins have more gram - activity than PCN G does
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True
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True or False, Amoxacillin is an Aminopenicillin
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True
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What is the MOST commonly prescribed antibiotic in the United States?
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Amoxacillin
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What Side effects does Amoxacillin commonly have?
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Diarrhea, and Rash
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What can help the prevent or make better the adverse effect (Diarrhea) when taking Amoxacillin?
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Refriderate the drug, Eate lots of yogurt
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What type of Penicillin is Augmentin (Narrow spectrum, or Broad Spectrum)
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Broad Spectrum
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Is Augmentin a Penicillin? Why or Why not
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YES, because it is made in combination with Amoxacillin and Clauvulanic Acid, and amoxacillin is a penicillin!
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Can you take Augmentin if you are allergic to Penecillin?
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NOOOO because it is made with amoxacillin (which is a type of penicillin!)
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what type of Penicillin should you want to use first?
Narrow, Broad or Extended Spectrum? |
Narrow Spectrum
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What are the 3 types of Penicillin allergies?
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Immediate (2-30 Minutes after taking Penicillin)
Accelerated (1-72 hours after taking Penicillin) Late (days or weeks after taking penicillin) |
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Why must a patient stay in the waiting room for a half-hour after getting a shot of penicillin?
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In case you get an immediate allergic reaction to Penicillin
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What can you do to Decrease the Risks of Anaphylaxis of Penicillin for patients?
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Educate patients about signs and symptoms of allergic reactions
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What are 3 things that occur during an anaphylaxis reaction to Penicillin?
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Laryngeal edema-- choking, drooling
Bronchoconstriction-- asthma attacks Severe Hypotenstion-- shock, BP drops, Dizzy, pale, etc |
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What are the 3 Treatments to Penicillin Allergic reactions?
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Epinephrine
Respiratory Support Preventions (Skin testing, History of Penicillin allergies and Resistance) |
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True or False, Epinephrine is the First drug of choice for a Penicillin allergic reaction?
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False, Epinepherine causes MI's and CV Effects, no NOT first drug of choice in hosptials, use Anti-histamines like steroids and Benedryl FIRST)
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What are 2 ways of preventing allergic reaction from Penicillin?
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Skin testing, or asking about family history of Penicillin allergies or resistance
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