Ph Ch 128

Front 1

developing countries

Back 1

Despite the “synthetic revolution” in the pharmaceutical industry, it is readily apparent that even today, a large portion of the world’s population,especially in __, depends on medicinal plants as their primary medicinal source

Front 2

Fractionation

Back 2

__ studies on these traditionally used plant drugs very often reveal principles having biological activities consistent with their implicated usage.

Front 3

Artemisinin
antimalarial
endoperoxide ; People’s Republic of China
Artemisia annua L.
heme complex

Back 3

___(“qinghaosu”), a sesquiterpene lactone __compound with an __ group, discovered in the ___ as a constituent of __, has created great interest in the biomedical community, owing to its unique mech of action on the __

Front 4

Artemisinin
chloroquine

Back 4

___ serves as an option for the treatment of __ -resistant malaria and is used in some Asian countries as an antimalarial.

Front 5

FALSE. The use of artemisinin as a single agent antimalarial IS A POTENTIAL RISK since the malaria parasite MAY become resistant to this compound class

Back 5

TRUE or FALSE. The use of artemisinin as a single agent antimalarial has a less potential risk since the malaria parasite may not become resistant to this compound class

Front 6

cannabidiol (CBD,19)
Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC, 20)
Canada
multiple sclerosis (MS)

Back 6

An oral spray consisting of the marijuana constituents, ___ and ___ has been approved recently in __ for the treatment of neuropathic
pain associated with ___

Front 7

dropsy
congestive heart failure

Back 7

In England, in the late 18th century, the purple foxglove __ was shown to be efficacious in the treatment of ___ , caused by ___

Front 8

digitoxin; (Digitalis purpurea L.)
digoxin; Digitalis lanata Ehrh.
K+; ATPase
inotropic; cardiac

Back 8

In l8 19th c, cardiac glycoside __ -isolated frm__ while in early 20th c, a sim. cardiotonic glycoside, __ was purified frm rel sp. __. These glycosides act by competing w/ ions 4 enzyme __. Both cpds are still in use for their +___ efx in __ patients

Front 9

Galanthamine
Amaryllidaceae
Galanthus
woronowii Losinsk
Alzheimer’s disease.

Back 9

__ an ___-type alkaloid from ___ and other species of this genus, has been approved in the last few years for the treatment of early-onset ___

Front 10

competitive and reversible cholinesterase inhibitor

Back 10

Galanthamine exerts its activity through a ___ action

Front 11

Atropa belladonna L
Hyoscyamus niger L.,
Datura stramonium L.
tropane

Back 11

Certain plants of the family Solanaceae, such as ___., ___ and___ , have been used medicinally for centuries in Europe because they contain __-type alkaloids

Front 12

atropine
(+)- and (−)-hyoscyamine
(−)-hyoscyamine
muscarinic acetylcholine

Back 12

___ [a racemic mixture of ___ (2)] and ___ are competitive antagonists at the ___ receptor site, leading to antispasmodic and antiallergic effects

Front 13

Scopolamine

Back 13

__ [(−)-hyoscine)] is used in a transdermal patch for the prevention of motion sickness.

Front 14

tropane
psychoactive effects.

Back 14

Since ___ alkaloids penetrate the blood-brain barrier, they also have ___

Front 15

Codeine
morphine
Papaver somniferum L.
analgesic

Back 15

___and___ , both major active constituents of
opium resin, the dried latex from immature fruits of ___, are pharmacologically important drugs as __agents w/ considerable use today. Like opiates, they exert their actions on opioid receptors

Front 16

Nicotine (Nicotiana tabacum L.)

Back 16

___, an agonist of the nicotinic-type acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), has long been known for its mechanism of action.

Front 17

Nicotine

Back 17

___-like compounds offer much potential in the treatment. of neurodegenerative diseases.

Front 18

Nicotine

Back 18

___ is incorporated in transdermal patches employed for smoking cessation.

Front 19

Paclitaxel
Taxus brevifolia Nutt.

Back 19

___, formerly known as “taxol”, is a nitrogen-containing diterpenoid compound isolated from the bark of ___ (Pacific yew).

Front 20

T. brevifolia

Back 20

Since paclitaxel was originally isolated from the bark of the slow-growing species, ___ sourcing was a
major obstacle in the development of this drug and its introduction into the market

Front 21

Quinidine
quinine

Back 21

___and ___ are diastereomeric quinoline alkaloids obtained from Cinchona spp.

Front 22

antiarrhythmic

Back 22

Quinidine is included in many pharmacopeias
for its ____effects.

Front 23

Quinine

Back 23

____ was the first antimalarial drug and served as an effective remedy for this deadly infectious disease in colonial times

Front 24

TRUE

Back 24

TRUE or FALSE. Owing to the development of resistance to synthetic antimalarials, quinine is still reverted to some extent for this purpose.

Front 25

Vinblastine
vincristine
Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don
Vinca rosea

Back 25

___(4) and ___(5) are closely related indoledihydroindole dimers (bisindole alkaloids), isolated from ___ (formerly known as ___ L.), the Madagascar periwinkle

Front 26

vinca alkaloids
specific binders of tubulin
depolymerization
metaphase

Back 26

Both of these vinblastine and vincristine, known as ___ in the medical literature, are ___, leading to tubulin ___ and cell cycle arrest in the ___ stage