Pgo -2 (1) : Growth And Development In Childhood

Front 1

Periodization of paediatric age
1) Newborn
2) Infant
3) Toddler
4) Pre-school child
5) School child (younger and older)
6) Adolescent

Back 1

1) Newborn: 1-28 days
2) Infant: 28 days-1 year
3) Toddler 1-3 years
4) Pre-school child: 3-6 years
5) School child (younger and older): 6-15 years (6-12 & 12-15)
6) Adolescent: (14)-18 years

Front 2

newborn - physical characteristics
1) length
2) weight
3) can loose ....% of body weight
4) weight gain per day

Back 2

1) length: 51cm
2) weight :3500g
3) can loose 10% of body weight
4) weight gain: 30g/day

Front 3

Newborn - Set of basic reflexes facilitating survival

Back 3

- Rooting reflex
- Sucking reflex

Front 4

hearing in newborn
1) preferred sound
2) when can baby recognize mothers voice

Back 4

1) Prefers high-pitched tones of female voices
 Prefers speech sounds
2) In 1 week of life is able to recognise mother‘s voice

Front 5

In ........ of life recognizes mother‘s breast smell

Back 5

In 1 week of life recognizes mother‘s breast smell

Front 6

newborn - preferred taste

Back 6

sweet

Front 7

vision of newborn

Back 7

1) Fully developed retina, lenses immobile
2) Not able to fixate and accommodate (begins at 6weeks), visual acuity poor
3) Strabismus common
4) Prefers human faces, curved lines, bright colours and high contrast

Front 8

how long does child put everything into mouth

Back 8

from birth to 18 months

Front 9

Freud – oral stage of development

Back 9

From birth to 18 months

Front 10

....weeks–able to keep head lifted
.....months–lying on abdomen leans on forearms
....months–overturns from back to abdomen
....months–overturns from abdomen to back, lying on abdomen leans on palms
...months – able to sit
....months – able to sit up, crawl on all four
.....months–able to stand up with support
......months–makes atleast on estep with support
.......months–makes first steps without support

Back 10

5 weeks–able to keep head lifted
3 months–lying on abdomen leans on forearms
5months–overturns from back to abdomen
6months–overturns from abdomen to back, lying on abdomen leans on palms
7 months – able to sit
9 months – able to sit up, crawl on all four
10months–able to stand up with support
11months–makes atleast on estep with support
12months–makes first steps without support

Front 11

first words

Back 11

12 months

Front 12

vision - fixation

Back 12

from 6 weeks

Front 13

Accommodation develops during the first ...... months

Back 13

Accommodation develops during the first 6 months

Front 14

Strabismus should disappear until ........ months

Back 14

Strabismus should disappear until 6 months

Front 15

first vocalization

Back 15

from 2 months

Front 16

1⁄2 of the adult height is reached when

Back 16

in 2 years

Front 17

weight gain per year in toddlers

Back 17

Stable gain 2-3 kg/year

Front 18

first steps without support

Back 18

12 months

Front 19

first sentence (2 words)

Back 19

18-24 months

Front 20

 2 years – approx. ...... words
 3 years – approx. ..... words, sentences from ........ words

Back 20

 2 years – approx. 270 words
 3 years – approx. 900 words, sentences from 4 words

Front 21

Piaget – sensory-motoric stage of development

Back 21

From birth to 18 months

Front 22

Freud – anal stage of development

Back 22

From 18 months to 3 years

Front 23

Piaget – pre-operative stage of development

Back 23

From 18 months to 5-6 years

- Development of speech and thinking enables to develop a symbolic world and learn to manipulate with it
- Not able to distinquish reality and imagination, can be afraid of dreams and imaginations
- Egocentric understanding of the world

Front 24

Freud – Oedipal stage of development

Back 24

 From 3 to 6 years
 Period of fixation on parent of different sex

Front 25

height velocity in preschool child

Back 25

7.5-5cm/year

Front 26

height velocity in toddler

Back 26

7,5-5cm/year

Front 27

weight gain in toddler and preschool child

Back 27

2-3 kg/year

Front 28

height velocity in school child

Back 28

slowly decreasing to 5cm/year until
puberty

Front 29

weight gain in school child

Back 29

2-3 kg/year

Front 30

Freud – latent stage of development

Back 30

- From 6 to 11 years
- Missing aggressivity and sexuality
- Spending time with peers of the same sex
- Importance of success among peers and identification with idols (actors, singers,...)

Front 31

Piaget – concretely-operative stage of development

Back 31

- From 6 to 11 years
- Using names, numbers, scales, comparing,
classifying
- Imagination relatively suppressed

Front 32

why measure sitting height

Back 32

- Shows proportion between body and extremities
- (Marfan syndrome, chondrodysplasia,...)

Front 33

„Sandwich“ model of human growth:

Back 33

Growth periods
1. Infantile: 50%
2. Childhood: 30%
3. Pubertal: 20%

Front 34

peak growth velocity in females

Back 34

9cm/year

Front 35

peak growth velocity in males

Back 35

10,3cm/year

Front 36

increased length 1st year

Back 36

23 cm

Front 37

increased length 2nd year

Back 37

12 cm

Front 38

peak growth velocity is seen in what growth period

Back 38

pubertal

Front 39

important factor in infantile growth period

Back 39

IGF-I

Front 40

Physiological action of IGF

Back 40

1. cell proliferation and differentiation
2. proteoanabolism
3. growth

Front 41

synthesis and secretion of IGF-I
1) endocrine
2) autocrine/paracrine

Back 41

1) endocrine: liver
2) autocrine/paracrine: numerous organs and tissues , growth plates of long bones ("growth cartilages")

Front 42

height of daugther in relation to father

Back 42

fathers height - 13 cm

Front 43

height of son in relation to mother

Back 43

mothers height + 13 cm