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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How are rocks classified by?
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Origin, composition, Grain/crystal size
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What are the six process for clastic sedimentary rock formation?
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Erosion, Transport, Deposition, Compaction, Cementation, Diagenesis
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What is Porosity?
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The pore volume/ total volume
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What is permeability?
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The measure of the ability of a rock, reservoir, or formation to allow fluid to flow. It changes over time
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When does oil generation start? Peak? Stop?
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Starts at 50 Centragade
Peaks at 90 Centagrade Stops at 17 5 Centagrade |
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What defines a reservoir/reservior rock?
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Porosity, Permeability, Saturation, Areal Extent, Pressures, Fluid Types
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What are the two pressure differentail drives for a reservoir?
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Gas and water drive
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What are the 4 traps?
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Antilcine, Fault, Stratigraphic, Fault, Salt dome
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What are the different Royalty's for Well ownership?
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Mineral rights, Royalty, Non-particpating Royalty, Overriding Royalty, Working Interest
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What is the life of a typical well?
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Identify prospect and plan the well
Move in/Rig up Spud well Set surface casing Nipple up BOPE Drill to intermediate casing poing Set intermediate casing point Drill to TD Complete well Monitor production/Workover Plug and Abandon |
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What is the economic limit?
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The production rate at which the well becomes uneconomic for a particluar working interest owner or operator.
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What are the different types of land rigs?
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Conventional and Mobile (Jackknife, Portable mast)
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What are the different types of marine rigs?
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Semisubmersilbe, drillship, platform, barge, jackup
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What the 5 rig systesm?
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Circulating, Rotating, Hoisiting, Power, Well Control
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What are the functions of drilling?completion Fluids?
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Control formation pressures
Remove cuttings for the well Suspend and release cuttings Seal permeable formations maintain wellbore stability minimize reservoir damage Cool, lubricate, and support the bit and drilling assembly Transmit hydraulic energy to tools and bit ensure adeguate formation evaluation Control corrosion facilitate cementing and completion minimize impact on the environment |
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What are the different fluid types?
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Water based, Oil based, Air/gas, Mists, Foams
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What are the three fluid models?
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Newtonian, Bingham Plastic, Power law
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What is Rheology?
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The study of how matter deforms and flows
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What is Plastic Viscosity?
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Measure of internatal resistance to fluid flow resulting from the interactions of solids in the drilling fluid
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What is Yield Point?
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Measure of the internal resistance of a fluid flow to initial flow.
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What does a Mud Retort Test?
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The Volume of solids in the mud
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What does a Filter press Test?
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Shows how much of the mud is made up of large grains of sand/pebbles/ect
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What is the Mud Selection Criteria?
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Well Types
Formation High Temperature Lost circulation Makeup water Rig selection Nature of producing formations Casing program Availability of products |
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What the different mud additives? Give an example of each
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Viscosifiers (Bentonite)
Weighting Materials (Barite) Viscosity-Reducing Chemicals (Phosphates) Fluid-Loss Reducers (Bentonite) Emulsifiers (oil in water) Lost-Circulation Materials (Granular) Special Additives (Mud lubricant) |
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What makes up the Drillstring?
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Kelly, Drillpipe, drill collars, subs and bit in the well
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What is casing used for?
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Hole stabilization
Protection of Fresh water Zonal isolation Control pressures during drilling operations provide an acceptable environment for subsurface equipment in producing wells enhance the probability of drilling to total depth |
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What is tubing used for?
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Conduit for formation fluids to surface
Protect production casing from produced fluids, Protects production casing from excessive pressures Protects casing from wear from rod pumps |
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What is the worst case scenario for Casing Burst?
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The casing is empty (full of hydrocarbons) and there is no external pressure
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What is the worst case scenario for Casing Collapse
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There is no pressure inside the casing, We design for the maximum mud weight at the casing depth.
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What is the worse case scenario for Tension?
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The drillstring is in the air. No bouyancy
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What does a well proposal do?
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States the type of well and well objectives
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What is essential well design data?
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Surface loaction
downhole target depths and description of rock strata expected formation strengths and pressure what info is required from the well possible coring what to do with the well after the drilling is completed outline of completion design |
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What is the first thing to determine when dresigning a well?
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The hole size that will be drilled throught the target zone.
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What is included in the Well Program?
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General notes
Drilling Notes for each hole section, Drilling fluid design and maintenance wellbore trajectory casing design for the well and how the casing are to be cemented in place geolgical information on the formation expected Logging and coring program Well completion and design and program Well test information Status of the well when the rig has finished work |
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What is the rotary table?
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A part of the drillling rig floor and the roatting system. The rotary table transfers a turning action to the kelly, which is connected to the drillstring. THis allows the drillstring and the connected downlhole components to turn
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What is the top drive?
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A replacement to the conventional rotational system of a kelly. It is system of hydraulically or electrically driven motors that hangs from the travelling blocks. These motors impart the rotation that was formerly done with a kelly. A top drive's main advantages are the ability to drill in stands (sets of 2 or 3 joints of drillpipe) vs a single joint of drillpipe on the conventional system, a much easier process to pum and rotate at the same time and the ability to more accurately control the roation.
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What is catwalk?
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The cat walk is a platform or area at the base of the slide and V-door. It is the final staging area for anything to be lifted up to the rig floor including drillstem and BHA components.
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What is the doghouse?
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A room or rooms located next to the rig floor. It may be used as crew locker room,parts storage, or be the place where the main controls of the drilling rig are located. Usually up at the level of the rig floor. It is cantilevered off of the side of the substructure.
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What are the drawworks?
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The drawworks conatin the drilling line that is used in the rig's hositing system. The drawworks spools in or out depending on what the driller need sto do. The drawworks system also contains the breaks and controls to run the rigs hoisiting system.
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what is the BHA?
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Commonly this means anything bleow the drillpipe. this ccan include drillcollars, hevi-wate drillpipe, bits drilling motors, LWD and MWDtools as well as any other type of downhole tools> Note that BHA is a term used in completion and workover operations as well.
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What is a shale shaker?
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A shale shaker takes mud in throught the possum belly and allows the drillling mud mixed with cuttings to folow across a series of screens> as the mud moves across, the fluid falls through the screens, back into the mud system and the cuttins or other foreign material i nthe mud is kept on the screens and moved down the screens through a shaking action. THis action is imparted in several ways, typically through an elliptical cam hooked to a motor. Once at the end of the screens, the cuttings/solids are disposed of.
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What is the annulus?
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A general term that refers to any space between 2 concentric components downhole. this may be between a drillstring and open or cased hole or between two casing strings.
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What are travelling blocks?
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A set of pulleys or sheaves that moves up and down the derrick between the crown block and the rig floor. They lift the kelly, topdrive and/or the drillstring or casing string
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What are the Crown blocks?
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A set of stationary pulleys or sheaves at the top of the derrick. Part of the hoisitng sysstem. There is a wire rope strung between the travelling blocks and crown blocks that through a tremendous mechanical advantage allows the weight of the drillstring, drillste, or casing to be supported and moved by the rig.
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What is the water table?
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Also known as the corwn walkaround. it is the structure at the top of the derrick that supporst the crown blocks
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What is the V-door?
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The opening in the railings at the top of the slide. Components are brought from the catwalk, up the beaver slide and throught the v-door to the rig floor
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What are tongs?
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There are several types, each sized for what drillstring or casing component they are meant for. Tongs can be powered (typically hydraulically) or mechanical (using the make up and breakout lines) they are used to make up or breakout drillsting, BHA and casing by rotating or spinning one of the components being made up or broken out
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What are slips?
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Several types of slips exist. Slips may refer to rotary slips which are essentailly stell wedges with gripping elements. This slip sits in the rotary table and when weight is applied via the downward force of the drillstring or casing, the slips "bite" or wedge into the rotary table and support the weight.
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What is a mouse hole>
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the hole in the rig floor between the roatry table and v door. it is typically drilled then cased with steel liner similar to casing. During drilling operations the next join or stand of drillpipe or heviwate drillpipe will be placed here and made up prior to being picked up and made up onto the drillstring?
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What is the rat hole?
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Refers to two terms. First a rathole may be where the kelly is stored on the Rig floor when it is not being used. Second rathole refers to any extra hole drilled
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