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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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You see small lesions in the oral cavity of a chicken, what's your top differential?
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Poxvirus
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What are 2 differentials for plaque formation on esophagus and crop?
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1) *Vitamin A deficiency
-Needed for proper epithelial formation 2) Candida |
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You have a dove with caseonecrotic lesions that are thick and have ulcerated through the oral mucosa, what's your top differential?
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Trichomoniasis (protozoal)
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You have a bird with little plaques and thickened areas that show up aroud the tongue and oral cavity and especially the crop, what's your top differential?
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Hyperplastic responsen to worms- capillaria worms-can be significant cause of weight loss and even mortality
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You are dissecting a bird and you see little white specks in the musculature, differentials?
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Sarcocystis-relatively incidental finding in musculature of birds
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What can sarcocystis infection cause in pet birds?
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Fatal pneumonia
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A bird presents to you with an abscess like lesion in the foot, differential? Prognosis?
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Bumble foot
-If gets into joints bird is done for |
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What causes chlamydophilosis in pet birds?
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Chlamydophila psittaci
-Six serotypes |
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Why is chalmydophilosis in birds of more concern than in ruminants?
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More infectious type in birds
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______ birds are 25% of the reported host of chlamydophilosis, and ______ are relatively resistant.
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Worry about psittacines, but infects all birds
-Chickens relatively resistant |
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*What are the clinical signs of chlamydophilosis in pet birds?
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1) Respiratory signs
2) Oculonasal discharge 3) Diarrhea often greenish 4) Swelling above eye (turkeys) 5) conjunctivitis (pigeons) 6) Ruffled feathers |
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What are the gross lesions associated with chlamydophilosis?
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Pretty much inflammation of any organ, but especially respiratory!
-May see fibrin, hemorrhagic foci |
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How can you diagnose chlamydophilosis in pet birds?
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-Impression smears from conjunctiva
-Elisa-Ag capture -PCR (cloacal swabs) -IHC on specimens |
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What is a reportable disease of pet birds?
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Chalmydophilosis is reportable in many states
Newcastle disease |
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What is the treatment of chlamydophilosis in pet birds?
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Long course of Doxycycline
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What is the chlamydophilosis called in humans?
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Psittacosis
-Take precautions during necropsy |
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You are examining a pet bird upon necropsy and you see a hemorrhagic area of lung that looks wet and green with some yellow fuzzy stuff, differentials?
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Aspergillosis-fungal
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What is the causative agent of Pacheco's disease?
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Herpesvirus
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How is Pacheco's disease transmitted?
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Orofecal transmission
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What part of the body does Pacheco's disease affect?
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Multisystemic infection
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What is the incubation period of Pacheco's disease?
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3-14 d but then rapid clinical course to death
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What signs may be seen in a bird with Pacheco's disease?
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Neuro, GI signs
-Generally fatal once clinical signs appear |
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True or false. There's a high mortality of birds infected with the herpesvirus that causes pacheco's disease.
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False, not all birds develop disease, some are infected for life and shed the virus periodically
-Disease of high value psittasines |
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**On necropsy of a bird that died from Pacheco's disease you will see characteristic foci of __________ in the _____.
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Necrosis in liver & spleen w/ viral inclusions
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How can Pacheco's disease be confirmed in a live bird?
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PCR on blood, pharyngeal or cloacal swabs
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What is the treatment for Pacheco's disease?
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Acyclovir
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What should the owner do as soon as a bird is confirmed in having Pacheco's disease?
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Disinfect fomites and the premises
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What should you do if you suspect Pacheco's disease in a pet bird?
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quarantine!!!!
Check for infection status w/ serology |
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Avian polyoma virus is also called _______ disease and is caused by a _______.
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Budgerigar fledgling disease
Papovavirus |
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What birds are generally affected by avian polyoma virus?
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Young psittacines and passerines, often just prior to fledging
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The mortality of avian polyoma virus is ______-______%.
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30-100%!!!!
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What parts of the body are affected by avian polyoma virus?
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Multisystemic disease w/ feather and GI abnormalities often predominating
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______ and _______ seem to play a role in avian polyoma disease.
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Stress & hygiene
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What's the source of infection for avian polyoma virus?
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Asymptomatic adult birds
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What may be seen instead of feather lesions upon necropsy of a bird with avian polyoma virus?
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Hemorrhages, serositis, hepatomegaly, renomegaly
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How do you diagnose avian polyoma virus? Treat/prevent?
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Vaccines-use when start having problem
PCR testing |
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What causes psittacine beak and feather syndrome?
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Circovirus
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What bird is most frequently affected by psittacine beak and feather syndrome?
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Cockatoos but many species susceptible
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Psitaccine beak and feather syndrome is usually detected in birds of what age?
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< 3 years
-See feather abnormalities in young adults, not at birth! |
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What is the prognosis for psittacine beak and feather syndrome?
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poor long term prognosis
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How is psittacine beak and feather syndrome transmitted?
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Virus is highly resistant in environment and can be spread in feather dust
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_______ is a common clinical sign of psittacine beak and feather syndrome.
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Immunosuppression
-When birds show signs |
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How is psittacine beak and feather syndrome diagnosed?
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PCR detection or feather biopsies
-Feather are pinched and malformed |
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How can you prevent introducing psitaccine beak and feather syndrome into your home?
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Prepurchase screening (PCR) and long quarantine are recommended
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What type of inflammatory response do birds get with psittaccine beak and feather syndrome?
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Lymphoplasmocytic infiltrate
-See especially in intestinal tract |
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What birds are usually affected by diabetes mellitus? How do they present?
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Obese birds
PU/PD |
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What are the clinical signs of a bird with Knemidocoptes mutans (parasite)?
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Lots of hyperkeratosis around face and feed
-Can see mite on histo |
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What are 2 common neoplasms seen in pet birds?
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Lipoma (especially in budgies)
Papillomas (amazons) -Oral & cloacal |
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How do budgies with renal carcinoma present?
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Lameness- reach a certain size where cause pressure damage to sciatic nerve roots so birds present lame-like fell off perch
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What causes newcastle disease?
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A paramyxovirus
-Capable of infecting most avian species |
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What are the 3 forms of newcastle disease and which one do we worry about the most?
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velogenic> mesogenic > lentogenic
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How is Newcastle disease transmitted?
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Via direct contact (Feces, respiratory) or fomites
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Is Newcastle disease zoonotic?
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Yes, can cause conjunctivitis and mild respiratory disease in humans.
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The highly virulent strains of newcastle disease looks a lot like ______
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Avian influenza
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What are the 3 clinical signs of newcastle disease in poultry?
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1) High mortality
2) Drop in egg production or egg quality 3) Edema of face and neck -Pattern will be affected by strain and vaccination history |
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What are the signs of the neurogenic strains of newcastle disease?
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Paralysis, torticollis, opisthotonus, depression
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What are 4 signs of newcastle disease in psittaccines?
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1) Wing drop
2) Leg paralysis 3) Head-shaking common 4) Respiratory signs |
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What are the gross lesions of newcastle disease?
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Often none-especially if neutropic form
-Hemorrhages anywhere in GIT, trachea |
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What are 5 differentials for newcastle disease (respiratory disease and rapid death in birds)?
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!) Fowl cholera
2) Avian influenza 3) ILT & fowl pox 4) Pacheco's disease 5) Chalmydophilosis |
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How do you confirm the diagnosis of Newcastle disease?
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Tracheal and cloacal swabs, lung, spleen (brain) for VI
-full set of tissues for histo |
