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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Allport's historical and famous meeting with Freud
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Allport was 22, didn't get from visit what he thought he would, realized he didn't want psychoanalysis
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Why is Allport famous in the U.S.?
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Taught first course in personality
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Where was Allport born?
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Indiana
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Where did Allport die?
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Massachusettes
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What was Allports sibling dynamic?
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He was the youngest of four sons
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What did Allports father do?
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country doctor (hospital in his home)
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What did Allport's mother do?
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schoolteacher, then homemaker, into raising money for good causes
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Allports religion
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parents were methodist, always religious and hardworking
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Why was Allport so hard working?
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He worked in hospital from age 6, then went to handling accounts at age 8, by age 11-15 had own printing business
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Where did Allport go to school
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Harvard, then became professor there
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Where in Europe did Allport teach english?
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Turkey
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What was Allport's wife's name? Did they have kids?
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Ada, had one son who became a pediatrician.
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What three important books did Allport write?
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Pattern & Growth in Personality
The Nature of Prejudice Letters from Jenny |
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Why is the article by Allport and Odbert important?
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Odbert went through dictionary and found 4,500 words for traits or characteristics
TRAITS CENTRAL TO DESCRIPTION |
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Central Traits
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ALLPORT
8-10, describe personality very well, building blocks of personality, easy to identify, high level of agreement, essence of the person |
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Secondary Traits
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ALLPORT
many, show up in certain situations, not as obvious and consistent |
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Cardinal Traits
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ALLPORT
very rare, not good, trait so strong and overwhelming that it defines the person, can only have 1 Scrooge, Hitler, Mother Theresa |
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Proprium
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ALLPORT
self-- 8 aspects |
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8 Aspects of Self
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1)self as body
2)self as identity 3)self-esteem 4)self-extension 5)self-image 6)rational coping 7)self-striving 8)self as knowing |
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Aspect of Self
1)sense of body |
0-2 years
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AoS
2)self identity |
0-2 years
see ourselves as seperate and different from others because we have a name |
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AoS
3)self-esteem |
2-4 yrs
we have value/worth to ourselves and other people, learning to be competent, do things ourselves |
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AoS
4)self-extension |
4-6 yrs
who do you belong to (family, school, country, etc), things that are yours toys) |
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AoS
5)self-image |
4-6 yrs
how other people look at you, looking glasss seld |
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AoS
6)rational coping |
6-12 yrs
learn how to handle your work (homework) |
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AoS
7)self-striving |
after 12
-goals, sense of purpose in life |
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AoS
8)self as knowing (adult) |
integration of all 7 aspects
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ALLPORT
functional autonomy |
once a behavior had a purpose, now it doesn't, but we keep doing it anyway
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Why is Allport considered a humanist?
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Because he is interested in the whole personality, very optimistic about people and future oriented.
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Why is Allport considered eclectic?
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Because he believes there are all sorts of ways to know about people.
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ALLPORT
7 Characteristics of Psychological Maturity PIPERRS |
1)PROBLEM-centered
2)INSIGHT into your own behavior 3)Unifying PHILOSOPHY of life 4)EMOTIONAL security 5)REALISTIC perception 6)RELATE warmly to others 7)SOCIAL involvement |
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Letters from Jenny
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Allport and Ada
Jenny was mom of their son's college roommate |
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How many letters did Jenny write to Allports?
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301 over 11 years (1 every two weeks)
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What did Allports do with Jenny's letters?
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Analyzed them to see if they could identify central traits
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How did Allports analyze Jenny's letters? What were their findings?
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1) Factor Analysis
2) Cluster Analysis 3) Correlational Analysis 36 grad students 8 traits identified by all 3 methods |
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Purpose of Religious Orientation Scale
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Figure out how you relate to religion--> tells something about personality
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Intrinsic Religiousness
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high score: a lot of faith inside you, valuable part of you
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Extrinsic Religiousness
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outside benefits of being religious, practical reasons, social career, way to meet people
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Where was Cattell born?
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England
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Where did Cattell die?
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U.S.
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What is Cattells main characteristic?
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very productive, workaholic
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Cattells family (parents jobs)
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middle class
father: mechanical engineer, never went to college mother: homemaker, never went to college |
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Cattells IQ test on his parents
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mother scored higher than father
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Cattells siblings
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3 sons, Cattell was middle hcild
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How was Cattell in school?
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very bright
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What turningpoint happened to Cattell at age 9?
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he saw trainloads of wounded soldiers from WWI-- make every second in your life count
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How many books and articles dd Cattell write?
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50 books, 500 articles
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Where did Cattell go for undergrad and grad and what age
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age 16-- University of London, graduated in 3 years for chemistry and physics
got phD in Psych at University of London |
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Where did Cattell teach in the US
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Columbia, Clark, Harvard, University of Ilinois (did research there for 27 years)
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How many times did Cattell marry?
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3
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How many children did Cattell have with childhood sweetheart Monica?
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1
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How many children did Cattell have with Alberta?
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4
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Who was Cattell's third wife
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Heather
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What important book did Cattell write?
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Personality
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What is Cattells biggest contribution to psychology?
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16 PF test, translated into 40 languages
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trait (Cattell)
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unit of personality, characteristic, has predictive value
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difference between state and trait?
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state- temporary
trait- long lasting |
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Factor Analysis (Cattell)
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statistical procedure that is designed to uncover underlying and stable dimensions
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surface trait vs source trait
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surface trait-- you can observe
source trait- something more internal, deep |
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How did Cattell develop the 16 PF?
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?
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Describe the 16 PF
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60 yrs old
self-report, basic factors of personality, quite stable traits, give to normal people, used in employment agencies, for grad school, etc. |
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L data
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Life Data
ex: GPA, letters of recc, school records, descriptions from other people |
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Q Data
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Questionnaires and Self Reports
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T Data
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Test Data, both objective & projective tests
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How does data compute?
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Goes into computer, decide what is good data, based on correlational matrix, decide how many factors you want
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Costa and McCrae contribution to psychology
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The Big 5
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The Big 5
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1)Neuroticism-Emotional Stability
2)Extraversion-Introversion 3)Openness-Conventional 4)Agreeableness- Toughmindedness 5)Consientiousness- Unreliability |
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Big 5, NEUROTICISM vs. EMOTIONAL SECURITY
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how to cope with anxiety, worry excessivevly, emotional, anxious,
calm, more unemotional, hardy, self-controlled, sense of well-being |
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Big 5, OPENNESS vs CONVENTIONAL
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most recent dimension
creative, imaginative, likes variety, ideas, fantast uncreative, prefers routines, practical |
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Big 5, AGREEABLENESS vs. TOUGH MINDEDNESS
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empathy, sympathy, compassion, soft-hearted, trusting, good natured, altruistic, pro-social
irritable, more suspicious, ruthless, aggressive |
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Big 5, CONSCIENTIOUSNESS vs UNRELIABILITY
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reliable, responsible, orderly, organized, self discipled, more achieving
unreliable, careless, irresponsible, negligent |
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Dollard and Miller (influence)
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strongly influenced by psychoanalysis and learning psychology
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Frusteration Agression Hypothesis
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Dollard and Mmiller
problems in path to fulfillment of a goal can create frusteration-->can easily lead to aggression (physical, verbal, indirect) |
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Leonard Berkowitz
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U of Wisconsin-- aggression, broadened frusteration/aggression
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4 types of conflict situations
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Dollard and Miller
1)Approach-Approach -- choosing between 2 desirable things 2)Avoidance-Avoidance --choosing btw two undesirable things, rock and hard place 3) Approach-Avoidance --choosing btw one person/situation (desirable and undesirable qualities)back and forth 4) Double Approach-Avoidance --choosing between two people/situations w/ good and bad qualities |
