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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Genome
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Genes an organism possesses
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Genetic junk
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Parts that have no purpose
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Eugenics
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Theory that we can design the future of the human species by fostering the reproduction of persons with certain traits and by discouraging the reproduction of persons without those traits.
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Percentages of variance
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Differences in individuals |
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Heritability
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Genes that are inherited |
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Phenotypic Variance
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Differences in individual's height, weight, and personality
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Genotypic Variance
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Differences in individual's genes
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Nature-Nurture Debate
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Is personality affected more by the environment or their genes?
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Selective Breeding
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Breeding certain types of dogs for certain reasons
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Family Studies
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Studying how personality traits relate or differ in family members |
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Twin Studies
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Study of identical and fraternal twins
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Monozygotic Twins (MZ)
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Identical twins
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Dizygotic Twins (DZ)
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Fraternal Twins
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Equal Environments Assumption
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Identical and Fraternal Twins have the same environment
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Adoption Studies
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Study of adoptive children
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Selective Placement
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Adopted children are placed with parents that are very similar to their birth parents
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Shared and Non-shared Environmental Influences
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Shared- Tv, Living Room, etc Non-shared- Experiences, Memories |
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Genotype-environment interaction
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Different genotype, same environment
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Genotype-environment correlation
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Different genotype, different environment
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Passive genotype- environment correlation
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Parents pass on their genes and environment to their kids
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Reactive genotype-environment correlation
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Parents act a certain way depending on their child's genotype
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Active-genotype-environment correlation
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People go live in the environment that fits their genotype
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Molecular genetics
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Certain genes associated with personality traits
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DRD4 gene
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Dopamine
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Physiological Systems
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Nervous System, Cardiac System, Musculoskeletal System
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Theoretical Bridge
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Bridge between personality and the physiological variables which helps explain personality
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Electrodes
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Sensors placed on the surface of the participant's skin
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Telemetry
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Newer version of electrodes that go from the participant to the polygraph through the radio by waves and not by wires
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Autonomic nervous system
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Fight or Flight System
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Electrodermal Activity (Skin Conductance)
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The study of the sympathetic nervous system
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Cardiac Reactivity
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Heart beating fast; Blood pressure rising
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Type A personality
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Impulsive; Have more heart attacks
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Ascending Reticular Activating System
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Introverts have higher brain activity than Extroverts
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Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory
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Theory by Jeffrey Gray
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Behavioral Activation System (BAS)
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Rewarding kids
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Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS)
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Punishing kids (consequences for their actions)
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Optimal level of arousal
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Eyseneck's theory that everyone wants to reach a certain level of arousal
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Comorbidity
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Individual that has 2 or more disorders
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Neurotransmitters
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Transmission of a nerve impulse from cell to cell
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Monoamine Oxide
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Helps keep Neurotransmitters balanced
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Dopamine
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Makes you feel good
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Serotonin
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Makes you feel depressed
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Norepinephrine
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Involves fight or flight system
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Tridimensional Personality Model
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3 personality traits attached to 3 neurotransmitters
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Novelty Seeking
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Dopamine
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Harm Avoidance
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Serotonin
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Reward Dependence
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Norepinephrine
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Morningness-Eveningness
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Morning person or Night person
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Circadian Rhythms
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Your internal clock
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Free running
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No time cues to influence your behavior or biology
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Electroencephalograph (EEG)
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Measure of brain waves
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Alpha Waves
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Oscillates at 8 to 12 times a second
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Cortisol
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Stress Hormone
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Natural Selection
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Adaptations are created and change over time
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Hostile forces of nature
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Diseases, Weather, Low food suuply
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Sexual Selection
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The evolution of characteristics because of their mating benefits
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Intrasexual Selection
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Selection of mate due to their physical looks
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Intersexual Selection
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Selection of mate due to their particular qualities and preferences
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Genes
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Packets of DNA
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Differential Gene Reproduction
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Genes are passed down from generation to generation
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Inclusive Fitness Theory
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Characteristics that facilitate reproduction need not affect the personal production of offspring |
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Adaptive Problem
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Anything that gets in the way of reproduction or survival
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Xenophobia
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Fear of Strangers
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Byproducts of adaptions
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Self Explanatory
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Evolutionary byproducts
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Self Explanatory
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Domain Specific
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Solve adaptive problems
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Functionality
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We all have a desire to accomplish particular adaptive goals
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Deductive Reasoning Approach
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"Top Down"; Theory
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Inductive Reasoning Approach
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"Bottoms Up"; Data
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Evolutionary-predicted sex differences
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Sexes will differ in precisely those domains where women and men have faced different sorts of adaptive problems
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Effective Polygyny
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Men either have multiple children or none
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Sexually Dimorphic
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Very different in size and shape
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Reactively Heritable
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Secondary Consequence of heritable body build
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Frequency-Dependent Selection
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If one sex becomes rare, evolution will increase it
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Restricted Sexual Strategy
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Relationship is long-term; emotional connection
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Unrestricted Sexual Strategy
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Relationship just about sex
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Psychopathy
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Cluster of personality traits
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Balancing Selection
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Everything is balanced
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