Personality In Culture

Front 1

What is culture?

Back 1

Psychological attributes of groups that shape emotions, behaviors, and life patterns

Front 2

Culture effects the way that ______ is expressed and ____ is experienced

Back 2

personality, emotion

Front 3

What is cross-cultural research?

Back 3

Research that examines the impact of cultural context in different cultures

Front 4

How does culture interact with personality psychology?

Back 4

individuals may differ from each other to some extent because they belong to different cultures

Front 5

Explain cross cultural universals vs. specificity

Back 5

similar to human universals; individual differences and uniqueness

Front 6

What are etics?

Back 6

aspects of a phenomenon that all cultures have in common (universals)

Front 7

What are emics?

Back 7

aspects of a phenomenon that are specific to a particular culture (uniqueness)

Front 8

How can cultures be compared? (4)

Back 8

behavior, experience of emotions, thoughts, sense of connection with the world

Front 9

What is a triandis?

Back 9

3 cultural traitss

Front 10

Explain the triandis

Back 10

1. cultural complexity

2. tightness/looseness

3. individualism/collectivism

Front 11

Explain cultural complexity

Back 11

modern interstitial nations vs hunter/gatherers

Front 12

What question does cultural complexity ask?

Back 12

are primitive cultures less complex?

Front 13

Explain tightness/looseness

Back 13

amount of deviation from proper behavior allowed

Front 14

What is tightness/looseness based on?

Back 14

density and diversity on an area

Front 15

What is socialization?

Back 15

process by which people acquire the beliefs and behaviors of their culture

Front 16

If a culture is narrowly socialized it .....?

Back 16

discourages deviation

Front 17

If a culture is broadly socialized it ......?

Back 17

has individual uniqueness

Front 18

Explain individualism/collectivism

Back 18

view of relationship between individual and society

Front 19

What 2 things does individualism/collectivism look at?

Back 19

1. importance of needs/rights of group vs. individual

2. clarity of boundary between individual and group

Front 20

Individualism is typical of ______ socities

Back 20

Western

Front 21

What is individualism?

Back 21

Striving to distinguish self as individual

Front 22

What is collectivism?

Back 22

focusing on fundamental relatedness of all individuals and focuses on group

Front 23

What 2 traits does individualism focus on?

Back 23

1. independence

2. self-expression

Front 24

What 2 traits does collectivism focus on?

Back 24

1. obedience

2. conformity

Front 25

Collectivism is typical of _______ socities

Back 25

Eastern

Front 26

Development of the self can be 1 of 2 things

Back 26

1. Interdependent

2. Independent

Front 27

Explain "interdependent"

Back 27

focus on social relations and group contributions

Front 28

Explain "independent"

Back 28

focus on individual freedoms and achievements

Front 29

2 other cultural differences

Back 29

1. experience of emotions

2. fundamental motivations

Front 30

What can differ between experience of emotions?

Back 30

Importance of love

Front 31

What can differ between fundamental motivations?

Back 31

avoiding loss vs approaching gain

Front 32

What is enculturation?

Back 32

the process of socialization through which an individual acquires their native culture

Front 33

What are 3 patterns of adaptation to multiple cultures?

Back 33

1. assimilation

2. accumulation

3. alternation

Front 34

What is assimilation?

Back 34

identifying with mainstream not with culture of origin

Front 35

What is accumulation?

Back 35

member of multiple cultures (blended bicultural)

Front 36

What is alternation?

Back 36

switching between cultures depending on the situation

Front 37

What is holistic thinking?

Back 37

Explaining events in context and seeking to integrate divergent points of view vs explaining events in isolation

Front 38

What is the role of culture according to the psychoanalytic theory?

Back 38

The Id developed long ago and the culture determines how to control it

Front 39

The psychoanalytical theory says that what is ______ _______ can vary by culture

Back 39

anxiety provoking

Front 40

What is the role of culture according to the Neoanalytic theory?

Back 40

differing child rearing practices and attachments in different cultures shape children to have certain tendencies

Front 41

What is the role of culture according to the Biological theory?

Back 41

culture emerges after evolution shapes genetic tendencies

Front 42

What is the role of culture according to the Behaviorist theory?

Back 42

culture is shared environmental contingencies

Front 43

What is the role of culture according to the Cognitive theory?

Back 43

people share their constructs/schemas for how the world works

Front 44

What is the role of culture according to the Trait theory?

Back 44

traits based in biology and culture will influence how these traits are expressed

Front 45

What is the role of culture according to the Humanistic/Existential theory?

Back 45

culture allows for meaning and symbolic immortality

Front 46

What is the role of culture according to the Interactionist theory?

Back 46

culture is a collection of common situations