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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Schizoid Personality Disorder
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-avoid social activities and interaction with others
-may appear appear aloof, dull, humorless and often ignored in social settings -Show little emotion or flattened emotion -May appear indifferent -Difficulty in social relationships -Functional level not affected -No meaningful friendships |
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Paranoid Personality Disorder
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Distrustful and suspicious perhaps even jealous of others
Unable to acknowledge own negative feelings towards other people Inaccurate processing of social cues from others Hostile perhaps give off an attitude Hypercritical of others Work issues resulting in job loss Social skill issues resulting in an inability to maintain relationships Few leisure activities (if any usually solo) |
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Schizotypal Personality Disorder
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Person has few to no intimate relationships
Peculiar thought patterns, behaviors and appearance Flat or inappropriate affect Possible CNS impairment especially in processing sensory input Cognitive-perceptual deficits have been identified ADL performance impaired due to possible CNS or cognitive impairment |
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What 3 Personality disorders are associated with schizophrenia?
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Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Paranoid Personality Disorder Schizoid Personality Disorder |
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What is cluster A?
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odd or eccentric behavior
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what are causes of personality disroders?
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-learned patterns of behavior
-cns disturbances -familial link -biochemical -cognitive dysfunction -culture |
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what is personality?
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A distinctive set of traits, behavior styles and patterns that make up our character or individuality
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What is personality disorder?
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Struggling with or having great difficulty dealing with other people (interpersonal skills)
Inflexible, rigid, and/or unable to respond to changes of life or demands of life Ways of thinking, perceiving situations, and relating to others are dysfunctional |
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When do personality disorders emerge?
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no later than adolescence
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Describe patterns of Axis II disorders
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life-long patterns of adaptations
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Cluster B
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dramatic, emotional or erratic behavior
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antisocial personality disorder
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Act out conflicts and ignore normal rules of social behavior
Impulsive, irresponsible, belligerent and callous History of legal difficulties, no remorse High incidence of substance abuse Clearest diagnostic criteria Function impaired in social and work settings Habits and patterns are usually illegal and/or harmful |
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Borderline personality disorder
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Unstable in many areas including interpersonal relationships, behavior, mood, and self image
Experience the world in extremes “all good” or “all bad” Self-mutilation or recurrent suicidal gestures used to get attention or “manipulate” others Self-image problems Function impaired at performance level Impulsivity may impact other areas such as ADLs Be aware of “splitting” |
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what group of disorders is most stigmatized?
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personality disorders
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what disorder doesn't have any gray area?
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borderline personality disorder
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what way do people with borderline personality disorder do?
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a lot of suicide gestures to get attention
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Histrionic Personality Disorder
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Self-esteem depends on the approval of others and does not arise from a true feeling of self-worth
Overwhelming desire to be noticed and often behave dramatically or inappropriately to get attention Function impacted at the social skills level Friendships and other relationships focus on the individual Unpleasant to be around but able to function |
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Narcissistic Personality Disorder
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Exaggerated sense of self-importance
Absorbed by fantasies of unlimited success Oversensitive to failure and often complains of multiple somatic symptoms May be a learned pattern of adaptation May be unique to the U.S. Function is impaired in interpersonal relationships Work may be impaired due to relationship difficulties Usually present to treatment with depression |
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cluster c
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anxious and or fearful behavior
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Avoidant Personality Disorder
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cluster c
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Avoidant Personality Disorder
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Hypersensitive to rejection
Unwilling to become involved with others unless sure of being liked May have no close personal relationships outside of their family circle (would like to) and are upset at their inability to relate well to others May be a learned pattern of behavior Inability to form relationships impacts social function Often seek treatment as a result of depression |
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Narcissistic Personality Disorder
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cluster b
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Histrionic Personality Disorder
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cluster b
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antisocial personality disorder
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cluster b
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borderline personality disorder
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cluster b
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Dependent Personality Disorder
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cluster c
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Dependent Personality Disorder
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May exhibit a pattern of dependent and submissive behavior
Strong fear of rejection and lack self-confidence Rarely initiates projects or does things independently “Fear being alone” May be a learned behavioral pattern More likely to seek treatment Function is limited by need for approval and advice from others Cultural impact |
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schizoid personality disorder
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cluster a
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paranoid personality disorder
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cluster a
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Schizotypal Personality Disorder
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cluster a
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Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder
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Conscientious and have high levels of aspiration but strive for perfection
Inflexible, incapable of adapting to changed circumstances Difficulty with making decisions and completing tasks Potentially the most disabling in Cluster C Engage in rituals (behavior/compulsions) Functional impairment in social and work areas |
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Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder
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cluster c
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what is ot intervention for personality disorders?
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-social skills training
-behavior modification -medication -education -psychotherapy |
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what advice can you give someone with a personality disorder?
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"that's rough, that's tough, sounds difficult, what are you going to do about it?"
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social skills training
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set strong and clear boundaries, limits
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medication is not for:
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changing behavior
-medication: works on co-occurring issue |
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dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)
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Dialectical (adjective) meaning logic, the logic of fallacy
Fundamental concepts include: Patients are doing the best they can Patients are motivated and willing to change Radical acceptance is essential to recovery Mindfulness is key to managing emotions Includes skills training and individual sessions Some individuals may not respond to treatment while others may only focus on the presenting issue such as depression |
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Defense mechanisms
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Splitting
Playing one person off another Denial Repression Projection |
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identity disorders
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Dissociative Identity Disorder
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Dissociative Identity Disorder
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Previously known as Multiple Personality Disorder
Severe form of dissociation producing a lack of connection in thoughts, memories, feelings, actions or sense of identity Seen as a coping mechanism in reaction to severe trauma Two or more distinct (separate) identities or personality states that have power over the person’s behavior at different times Alters (as the other identities are referred) exhibit differences in speech, mannerisms, attitudes, thoughts, gender orientation May also differ in allergies, right vs. left handed, need for glasses |
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Dissociative Identity Disorder
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May have 2 to 100 alters
Average age for initial development of alters is 5.9 years Usually person is unaware of condition when seeking treatment and common complaint is episodes of amnesia or time loss Common co-occurring diagnosis is depression Persons may be suicidal or engage in self-harm activities Also may complain of “hearing voices” Treatment is primarily psychotherapy with hypnosis OT treatment would focus on function |
