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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Personality disorders occur when perceiving, relating and thinking become
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inflexible, maladaptive, and impair function
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T or F: Personality Disorders are easy to treat
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F. Difficult to treat because personality characteristics do not change easily – it’s “who they are”
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Personality disorders are usually diagnosed in childhood or adulthood?
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adulthood
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Cluster A personality disorder: odd or eccentric
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Paranoid, Schizoid, and Schizotypal
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Cluster B personality disorders: dramatic, emotional, erratic
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Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic, Narcissistic
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Cluster 3 personality disorders: anxious or fearful
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Avoidant, Obsessive compulsive, Dependent
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Describe Paranoid personality
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Pervasive distrust/suspiciousness of others.
Interprets others’ actions as potentially harmful. -Constantly on guard -Hypervigilant -Ready for any real or imagined threat -Trusts no one -Constantly tests the honesty of others -Oversensitive -Tends to misinterpret minute cues -Magnifies and distorts cues in the environment |
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Paranoid personality more common in
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men
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Nursing interventions for Paranoid personality
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Form a therapeutic/effective working relationship.
Keep commitments, be consistent. Involve client - give control. |
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Describe Schizoid personality
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Profound defect in the ability to form personal relationships.
Failure to respond to others in a meaningful emotional way. Indifferent to others. Client aloof/flat Client emotionally cold In presence of others, clients appear shy, anxious, or uneasy They avoid treatment as much as they avoid relationships. Inappropriately serious about everything and have difficulty acting in a light-hearted manner Remains in parental home well into adulthood. |
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Nursing interventions for Schizoid personality
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Improve client’s functioning in the community
Assist the client to find a case manager Needs to have trusted family member or support person |
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Describe Schizotypal personality
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Worse than Schizoid.
Clients aloof and isolated Unkempt, dishelved Behave in a bland and apathetic manner Magical thinking Ideas of reference Illusions Depersonalization Bizarre speech pattern May have psychotic features |
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Nursing interventions for Schizotypal personality
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Development of self care, social skills & improve function.
Daily routine of hygiene & grooming Role Play interactions in social setting |
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Describe Antisocial personality
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Pattern of socially irresponsible
Exploitative Guiltless behavior that reflects a disregard for the rights of others. Socially irresponsible Exploitative Disregard for the rights of others Fail to conform to the law Cold, callous, intimidating Inconsistent work or academic performance Failure to conform to societal norms Cruel and malicious Inability to form lasting monogamous relationship |
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Nursing Dx for Antisocial personality
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Risk for other-directed violence
Defensive coping Chronic Low self esteem Impaired social interaction Deficient knowledge |
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Client goals for Antisocial personality
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Discuss angry feelings
No harm to self/others Show regard for rights of others Follow rules/regulations of milieu Refrain from manipulative behavior |
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Nursing interventions for Antisocial personality
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Ensuring safety of client and others
Helping adopt coping strategies for delaying personal gratification Helping client understand importance personal regard for rights of others Provide structure. Stating the behavioral limit (describing unacceptable behavior) Identify consequences. Identify the expected or desired behavior. |
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Define Borderline personality disorder
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Pattern of intense/chaotic relationships with affective instability
Fluctuating and extreme attitudes regarding other people Clients highly impulsive Emotionally unstable Lacks a clear sense of identity On the border between neuroses & psychoses. Self-destructive Constant state of crisis Inability to be alone |
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two key terms in borderline personality
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instability and intensity
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Nursing diagnoses for Borderline personality
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Risk for self-mutilation
Anxiety Chronic Low Self-esteem Impaired Social Interaction Disturbed personal identity |
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Client goals for Antisocial personality
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Discuss angry feelings
No harm to self/others Show regard for rights of others Follow rules/regulations of milieu Refrain from manipulative behavior |
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Nursing interventions for Antisocial personality
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Ensuring safety of client and others
Helping adopt coping strategies for delaying personal gratification Helping client understand importance personal regard for rights of others Provide structure. Stating the behavioral limit (describing unacceptable behavior) Identify consequences. Identify the expected or desired behavior. |
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Define Borderline personality disorder
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Pattern of intense/chaotic relationships with affective instability
Fluctuating and extreme attitudes regarding other people Clients highly impulsive Emotionally unstable Lacks a clear sense of identity On the border between neuroses & psychoses. Self-destructive Constant state of crisis Inability to be alone |
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two key terms in borderline personality
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instability and intensity
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Nursing diagnoses for Borderline personality
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Risk for self-mutilation
Anxiety Chronic Low Self-esteem Impaired Social Interaction Disturbed personal identity |
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Goals for borderline patients
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Will not harm self
Seeks out staff when desire for self-mutilation is strong Able to ID source of anger Expresses anger appropriately Relates to more than one staff member Completes ADL's independently Doesn't manipulate one staff member against the other |
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Define Histrionic personality disorder
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Excitable
Emotional Colorful Dramatic Extroverted in behavior Attention Seeking Self-dramatizing Attention-seeking Overly gregarious Seductive Manipulative Exhibitionistic Distractible Difficulty paying attention to detail Easily influenced by others Have difficulty forming close relationships |
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Nursing interventions for histrionic personality
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Teach social skills & role playing in a safe non-threatening environment.
Give feedback about appropriate or inappropriate social interactions |
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Define Narcissistic personality disorder
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Characterized by an exaggerated sense of self-worth
Lacks empathy Believes has inalienable right to receive special consideration Client overly self-centered Exploits others in an effort to fulfill own desires Mood, which is often grounded in grandiosity, is usually optimistic Client relaxed, cheerful, and care-free Mood can easily change if client does not meet self-expectations (fragile) Responds to negative feedback from others with rage, shame, humiliation |
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Nursing interventions for Narcissistic personality
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Goal is to gain cooperation
Set limits for rude or verbally abusive behavior Explain expectations |
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Define Avoidant personality disorder
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Extreme sensitivity to rejection
Social withdrawal Awkward and uncomfortable in social situations Low self esteem Shy Fearful Desires close relationships but avoid them because of fear of being rejected |
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Nursing interventions for Avoidant personality
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Explore positive self aspects, positive responses from others & possible reasons for self criticism.
Help the client with positive self talk Teach social skills |
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Define Dependent personality disorder
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Pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of that leads to submissive and clinging behavior and fears of separation.
Lack of self-confidence that is apparent in posture, voice mannerisms Typically passive and goes along with the desires of others Overly generous and thoughtful while underplaying own attractiveness and achievements Feelings of low self worth Assumes passive and submissive roles in relationships Avoids positions of responsibility |
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Nursing interventions for Dependent personality
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Help clients to express feelings of grief & loss over the end of a relationship while fostering autonomy & self reliance.
Teach problem solving & decision making. Refrain from giving advice about problems or making decisions for clients |
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Define Obsessive Compulsive personality disorder
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Inflexibility about the way in which things must be done.
Devotion to productivity at the exclusion of personal pleasure. Especially concerned with matters of organization and efficiency Tends to be rigid and unbending Client polite and formal Client rank-conscious (ingratiating with authority figures) Strives for perfection Check & recheck details Low self esteem Appears to be very calm and controlled Underneath there is a great deal of ambivalence, conflict, hostility |
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Nursing interventions for Obsessive Compulsive personality
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Help the clients accept or to tolerate less than perfect work.
Restructuring Techniques “What is the worse that can happen?” Enc. clients to take risks, such as letting some else plan a family/group activity |
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Define Passive Aggressive personality disorder
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Exhibits a pervasive pattern of negativistic attitudes and passive resistance
Reacts badly to demands for adequate performance Able to vent anger and resentment subtly while gaining the attention, reassurance, and dependency that are craved. They tend to blame others for their own misfortune |
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Nursing interventions for Passive Aggressive personality
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Examine relationships between feelings & actions
Express appropriate ways to express feelings especially negative feelings such as anger |
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Treatment modalities for personaliy disorders
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-Interpersonal psychotherapy
-Psychoanalytical psychotherapy -Milieu or group therapy -Cognitive-Behavioral therapy |
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Medications for personality disorders cannot _____ the illness, but rather ___________
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cure
treat symptoms |
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Nursing interventions for Obsessive Compulsive personality
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Help the clients accept or to tolerate less than perfect work.
Restructuring Techniques “What is the worse that can happen?” Enc. clients to take risks, such as letting some else plan a family/group activity |
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Define Passive Aggressive personality disorder
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Exhibits a pervasive pattern of negativistic attitudes and passive resistance
Reacts badly to demands for adequate performance Able to vent anger and resentment subtly while gaining the attention, reassurance, and dependency that are craved. They tend to blame others for their own misfortune |
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Nursing interventions for Passive Aggressive personality
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Examine relationships between feelings & actions
Express appropriate ways to express feelings especially negative feelings such as anger |
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Treatment modalities for personaliy disorders
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-Interpersonal psychotherapy
-Psychoanalytical psychotherapy -Milieu or group therapy -Cognitive-Behavioral therapy |
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Medications for personality disorders cannot _____ the illness, but rather ___________
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cure
treat symptoms |
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Medication used for Borderline
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SSRI's, MAOI's, sometimes Antipsychotics
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Medications used for Avoidant
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Anxiolytics
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Medications used for Paranoid, Schizotypal
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Sometimes Antipsychotics
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Medications used for Antisocial
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Lithium, Propranolol (Inderal)
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