Personality Chapter 3

Front 1

Free association:

Back 1

spontaneous, free-flowing associations of ideas and feelings

Front 2

Unconscious:

Back 2

that portion of the mind inaccessible to usual, conscious thought.

Front 3

"Royal Road":

Back 3

dreams - to understanding the unconscious.

Front 4

According to the psychoanalytic theory, dreams, are said to have two levels of content:

Back 4

manifest and latent

Front 5

Manifest Content:

Back 5

is what a person remembers and consciously considers

Front 6

Latent content:

Back 6

is the underlying hidden meaning.

Front 7

Hallmark approach to psychology:

Back 7

We see on the surface (what is manifest) is only a partial representation of the vastness that is lying underneath (what is latent).

Front 8

ID:

Back 8

contains the basic psychic energy and motivations, often termed instincts or impulses. Operates according to the demands of the pleasure principle.

Front 9

Pleasure Principle:

Back 9

The id strives solely to satisfy its desires and thereby reduce inner tension.

Front 10

Ego:

Back 10

The personality structure that develops to deal with the real world. (Latin for I) Operates according to the reality principle.

Front 11

Reality principle:

Back 11

must solve real world problems.

Front 12

Superego:

Back 12

The personality structure that emerges to internalize these societal rules. (over I). Similar to a conscience, but goes further.

Front 13

Freudian slips:

Back 13

When the ego and especially the superego do not do their job properly, elements of the id may slip out and be seen.

Front 14

Parapraxes:

Back 14

reveal the unconscious.

Front 15

Oral stage:

Back 15

comes a point were it creates conflict between the desire to remain in a state of dependent security and the biological and psychological necessity of being weaned. Children that have difficulty in this transition out of oral stage are said to be fixated. Issues of dependency, attachment, and intake of interesting substances and perhaps even interesting ideas.

Front 16

Anal stage:

Back 16

As adults who remain fixated on the anal stage may take great satisfaction in a large bowel movement. They may enjoy bathroom humor, or making messes-including messes in other peoples lives. Obstinacy and stinginess. They are often passive aggressive.

Front 17

Phallic stage:

Back 17

in which sexual energy is focused on genitals. May explore themselves through masturbation.

Front 18

Castration anxiety:

Back 18

fearing that the father will take revenge and castrate him like a girl.

Front 19

Oedipus complex:

Back 19

a boy's sexual feelings for his mother and rivalries with his father.

Front 20

Penis Envy:

Back 20

little girls become quite upset when they recognize that they do not have a penis as do boys and men. Feelings of inferiority and jealousy.

Front 21

Latency Period:

Back 21

because its usually not possible for sexual urges to be directly expressed, sexual energies are channeled into such activities as going to school and making friends.

Front 22

Genital Stage:

Back 22

moving past all stages and forming a well-adjusted life. normal sexual relations, marriage and child-rearing.

Front 23

Significant criticism to Frauds theory:

Back 23

tends to focus on the deviance and the problems in human development and therefore tends to view too many behaviors and reactions as sick or inappropriate or conflict-based.

Front 24

Defense Mechanisms:

Back 24

The process that the ego uses to distort reality to protect itself.

Front 25

Repression:

Back 25

egos defense mechanism that pushes threatening thoughts back into the unconscious.

Front 26

Reaction formation:

Back 26

The process of pushing away threatening impulses by overemphasizing the opposite in one's thoughts and actions. Reaction formation is a controversial notion because it suggests that many apparently "moral" people are really struggling desperately with their own immorality.

Front 27

Denial:

Back 27

refusing to acknowledge anxiety provoking stimuli, is a common defense mechanism.

Front 28

Displacement:

Back 28

Shifting of the target of ones unconscious fears or desires.

Front 29

Hydraulic displacement model:

Back 29

Pressure builds up like a steam in a boiler and must be released. Some release valve must be found for the bottled-up aggressive impulses triggered by frustration and humiliation.

Front 30

Sublimation:

Back 30

is the transforming of dangerous urges into positive, socially acceptable motivations.

Front 31

Regression:

Back 31

we return to earlier, safer stages of our lives. (most easily seen in children).

Front 32

Rationalization:

Back 32

Mechanism involving post hoc (after the fact) logical explanations for behaviors that were actually driven by internal unconscious motives.

Front 33

psychosurgery:

Back 33

operating on the brain in an attempt to repair personality problems. (Labotomy)

Front 34

Hypermnesia:

Back 34

excess memory. refers to a situation in which a later attempt to remember something yields information that was not re-portable on an earlier attempt to remember.

Front 35

infantile amnesia:

Back 35

The observation that adults and older children do not remember much of what happened to them before age 3 or 4.

Front 36

implicit memory:

Back 36

we might change how we think or behave as a result of something experience that we do not consciously recall.