Personality

Front 1

Personality

Back 1

individual's unique patterns of thought, feelings, and behavior that persist over time; unique, stable, enduring

Front 2

Free association

Back 2

in psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing.

Front 3

Psychoanalysis

Back 3

psychoanalysis Freud's theory of personality and therapeutic technique that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts. Freud believed the patient's free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences—and the therapist's interpretations of them—released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight

Front 4

Unconscious

Back 4

according to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories. According to contemporary psychologists, information processing of which we are unaware

Front 5

Id

Back 5

contains a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that, according to Freud, strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives. The id operates on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification

Front 6

Ego

Back 6

the largely conscious, "executive" part of personality that, according to Freud, mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality. The ego operates on the reality principle, satisfying the id's desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain.

Front 7

Superego

Back 7

the part of personality that, according to Freud, represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment (the conscience) and for future aspirations.

Front 8

Psychosexual stages

Back 8

the childhood stages of development (oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital) during which, according to Freud, the id's pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones.

Front 9

Fixation

Back 9

according to Freud, a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage in which conflicts were unresolved.

Front 10

Identification

Back 10

the process by which, according to Freud, children incorporate their parents' values into their developing superegos.

Front 11

Positive psychology

Back 11

the scientific study of optimal human functioning; aims to discover and promote strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to thrive.

Front 12

Self

Back 12

the awareness of who you are

Front 13

Spotlight effect

Back 13

overestimating others' noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and blunders (as if we presume a spotlight shines on us).

Front 14

Self esteem

Back 14

one's feelings of high or low self-worth.

Front 15

Oedipus complex

Back 15

according to Freud, a boy's sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father.

Front 16

Defense mechanism

Back 16

in psychoanalytic theory, the ego's protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality.

Front 17

Repression

Back 17

in psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness.

Front 18

Psychodynamic theories

Back 18

view that explains personality in terms of conscious and unconscious forces, such as unconscious desires and beliefs

Front 19

Collective unconscious

Back 19

Carl Jung's concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species' history

Front 20

Protective tests

Back 20

a personality test, such as the Rorschach or TAT, that provides ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger projection of one's inner dynamics.

Front 21

Thematic apperception test (TAT)

Back 21

a projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes.

Front 22

Rorschach inkblot test

Back 22

the most widely used projective test, a set of 10 inkblots, designed by Hermann Rorschach; seeks to identify people's inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the blots.

Front 23

False consensus effect

Back 23

tendency of people to overestimate the level to which other people share their beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors.(that others think the same way they do)

Front 24

Terror management theory

Back 24

proposes that faith in one's worldview and the pursuit of self-esteem provide protection against a deeply rooted fear of death.

Front 25

Humanistic theory

Back 25

The present is the most important aspect of the person and therefore humanists focus on the here and now rather than looking at the past or trying to predict the future. Humanistic theory is reality based and to be psychologically healthy people must take responsibility for themselves, whether the person’s actions are positive or negative. The individual, merely by being human, posses an inherent worth. Actions may not be positive but this does not negate the value of the person. The goal of life should always be to achieve personal growth and understanding. Only through self-improvement and self-knowledge can one truly be happy.

Front 26

Self serving bias

Back 26

a readiness to perceive oneself favorably

Front 27

Self efficacy

Back 27

individual's belief in his or her capacity to execute behaviors necessary to produce specific performance attainments

Front 28

Self actualization

Back 28

At the top of Maslow's hierarchy are self-actualization needs where people have reached their full potential and have become all that they can be

Front 29

Unconditional positive regard

Back 29

According to Carl Rogers, Unconditional Positive Regard is when one person is completely accepting toward another person.

Front 30

Self concept

Back 30

We all have lots of ideas and feelings about ourselves as objects or beings. When you add all of these ideas and feelings together, you you're your self-concept...the total of you thoughts and feelings that define your "self" as an object.

Front 31

Trait

Back 31

You've probably used the term "character traits" before when referring to ways in which people behave, or explained someones behavior by saying, "that's just the type of person he/she is". These phrases all refer to a person's enduring characteristics or dispositions which give rise to their behaviors or behavior patterns.

Front 32

Personality inventory

Back 32

A Personality Inventory is a self-report questionnaire (a survey filled out by the client) that asks a series of questions about thoughts, interests, feelings, and behaviors that is aimed at developing a general profile about a person’s personality and lifestyle.

Front 33

Minnesota multiphasic

Back 33

a test that detects abnormal personality styles. This instrument is commonly used by clinicians to determine if a person may have a psychological disorder. It is also commonly used by psychologists to determine if people are fit to work in public safety occupations such as police officer.

Front 34

Empirically derived test

Back 34

developed by testing a pool of items and then selecting those that discriminate between groups, it is a phrase used largely in the domain of psychology.

Front 35

Social cognitive

Back 35

we learn behaviors through observation, modeling, and motivation such as positive reinforcement. Some influential psychologists of this theory were N.E. Miller and Albert Bandura. They found that this type of social learning was strengthened if the observer identified with their "model."

Front 36

Behavioral approach

Back 36

founded by John B. Watson and originally rejected the study of mental processes in favor of the study of overt behavior (observable behavior) and external factors - study of observable events. The behaviorists believed all behavior was determined by stimuli in the environment.

Front 37

Reciprocal determinism

Back 37

According to Albert Bandura, a person's behavior is both influenced by and influences a person's personal factors and the environment.

Front 38

Narcissism

Back 38

All about yourself

Front 39

Individualism

Back 39

Self goals- do things for yourself and not for a group goal

Front 40

Collectivism

Back 40

Collectivism12Collectivism:+ add to my flashcards cite this termCollectivism is a social psychological term that relates to the manner in which humans identify themselves and prioritize their goals. Collectivism, which is the opposite of individualism, focuses on the priorities of the group and not the individual.