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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1 similarity and 1 difference between Americas and other societies in postclass. period
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Similarity: Some Asian and Mediterranean civilizations also built on earlier precedents from classical per.
Diff: the Americas was entirely seperated from the Old World |
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characteristics of American civil. during post-class. pd
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-large cities, elaborate political and economy
-diversity -elaborate culture -agriculture |
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The northern nomadic people who entered central America following the decline of Teotihuacan.
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Toltecs
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The Toltec capital.
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Tula
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Explain the relationship between the Toltecs and the predecessors.
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The Toltecs adopted the culture: strong military ethic, cult of sacrifice and war in art
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The Aztecs view of the Toltecs cultural achievements.
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Givers of civilization
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7. The Toltec empire ended in what year.
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1150
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8. The place where the center of population and political power shifted to.
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Valley of Mexico (lakes)
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9. The people who succeeded the Toltecs.
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Aztecs
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10. The year that the Aztecs migrated to central Mexico.
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1325
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11. The political organization of the Aztecs after their arrival in central Mexico.
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city-states
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12. Cities that challenged for dominance at the time of Aztec arrival to central Mexico.
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Azcapotzalco
Culhuacan Texcoco Tlacopan |
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13. The city the Aztecs established in 1325.
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Tenochtitlan (now Mexico City)
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14. The year that Tenochtitlan became a dominant force
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1434
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15. Characteristics of the Aztecs as a result of their rise to power.
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-ruler with supreme power
-dominant nobility -expansion of power and boundaries -urbanized society |
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16. The impact of expansion and conquest on the Aztec social system.
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Went from loose association of clans to a multilevel stratified society
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17. The Aztec prime minister responsible for the expansion of human sacrifice and the re-writing of previous histories.
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Tlacaelel
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18. Characteristics of Aztec religion.
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-many dieties that take on different forms (like avatars in Hinduism)
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19. The major themes or cults of Aztec religion.
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-Fertility
-Creator dieties -warfare and sacrifice -agricultural cycle |
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20. Central figure of human sacrifice and most sacred deity of the Aztecs.
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Huitzilopochtli
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21. The Aztec view of history.
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View it as a cycle (repetitive destructions of the world)
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Characteristics of the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan.
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-larger than Paris or Seville
-built on island in middle of lake -by 1519, pop. was 150,000 -60 wards (kinship groups) |
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An Aztec innovation for agriculture in aquatic environments.
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Chinampas
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The nature of the Aztec economy.
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-The government took tribute and redistributed it
-merchants class handled long distance trade in rare commodities |
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The permanent features of Aztec society – organization into clans.
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Calpulli
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Functions of the Aztec kinship groups.
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-maintain temples, schools
-distribute land -organize war and soldiers -organize labor |
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Aztec social hierarchy developed a nobility called
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Pipiltin
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The Aztec view of marriage and the family.
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-virginity highly regarded
-often arragned marriages -young girls trained by older women -Mayeques (lower class girls) rarely married up |
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The significant difference between the life of women in Mesoamerica and in the Mediterranean world.
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Limited technology in Mesoamerica confined women to their homes grinding grain for several hrs a day
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The nature of the Aztec administration of subject territories.
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The Aztecs left conquered land relatively unchanged as long as they recognized Aztec supremacy and paid tribute
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Define Inca Socialism
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Organized system where every community contributed to the whole and state regulated the distribution of resources
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Marvin Harris’s view as to why the Aztec’s practiced human sacrifice.
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He thought it was response to a lack of protein in the form of large mammals
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The primary difference in the political situation between the Mesoamerican and Andean zones following the breakup of the classical states.
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The Andean zone's large states continued to be important rather than the breakdown of power in Mesoamerica.
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The most powerful Andean state between 900-1465 following the decline of Tihuanaco and Huari.
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Chimor
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Capital of the Incan Empire.
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Cuzco
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The Inca ruler associated with the first creation of the Inca empre in 1438.
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Pachacuti
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The principal reason for Inca conquest and expansion and define the reason.
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Practice of split inheritance.
-power went to successor -wealth went to male descendants to support cult of dead Inca's mummy |
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A religious practice in Andean civilization was the cult of
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The Sun.
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39. Which empire, Inca or Aztec had
Extensive use of colonization Extensive merchant class. |
Inca- colonization
Aztec- merchant |
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Define the Andean principle of inheritance.
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parallel descendance/inheritance in both male and female lines.
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Define Tambos.
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way station for Inca armies on the move. (also: Messenging, inn, storehouse, supply)
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Where were the Inca nobility drawn from?
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10 royal ayllus from the city of Cuzco
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A cultural difference between the Aztecs and the Incas.
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The Incas lacked a writing system
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Compare the Incas and the Aztecs integration of a centralized empire.
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Incas-overarching political state and large empire, wanted to intergrate
Aztecs- less than Incas, wanted $ |
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A significant difference between the Andean and Mesoamerican civilizations.
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climate and geography
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Characteristics about the population of the Americas.
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Pop. = Europe's - Russia
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Describe agriculture in 1500 throughout the Americas.
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-largely diffused, not always sedentary
combined agriculture with fishing and hunting would not include nomadic herders |
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Characteristics of most Indian societies other than the Andean and Mesoamerican civilizations.
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-communal action
-ownership of resources - highly urban -kinbased society -important social and political roles for women |
