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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Central Nervous system includes |
-Brain Spinal Cord |
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Peripheral nervous system includes |
-Spinal nerves -Cranial nerves |
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Efferent |
Carries impulses away from the centre |
Motor neurones |
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Afferent |
Carries impulses towards the centre |
Sensory neurones |
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Interneurones |
-Between conducting from afferent and efferent fibres -In spinal cord |
Connects motor to sensory |
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Somatic Nervous System |
Motor neurons that control voluntary actions of the skeletal muscles -Afferent and efferent |
-Somatic motor division -Somatic sensory division |
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Autonomic Nervous System |
Division of the nervous system that monitors involuntary function -Efferent |
-Sympathetic NS - Parasympathetic NS |
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Somatic Motor Division |
-Efferent -Somatic effectors are skeletal muscles |
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Somatic Sensory Division |
Afferent |
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Sympathetic Nervous System |
Fight or flight |
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Parasympathetic Nervous System |
Rest and repair |
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Visceral Sensory Division |
Internal sensors for autonomic NS -Afferent |
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Neurons |
excitable conductor cells |
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Glia |
Support functions of neurones (nutrition, protection, structure) |
Not just glue |
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Myelin |
Lipid sheet high in cholesterol that insulate the neurone |
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Schwann Cell |
-Large nucleated cells that form a thick myelin sheath around axon -Only in PNS |
may have one or multiple nerve fibre 1=myelinated 2+=non-myelinated |
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Nodes of Ranvier |
Gaps between Schwann cells |
Increases conductivity |
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White matter |
Myelin |
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Grey matter |
cell bodies and unmyelinated fibres |
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Dendrites |
-Bring info to the cell body -Receptors collect info |
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information receptors collect |
electric chemical heat pressure |
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Direction of a nerves |
can be afferent or efferent |
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Direction of neurones |
Unidirectional |
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Axon Hillock |
Tapered portion of cell body |
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Neurones of reflex arc |
-Sensory (afferent) -Interneuron -Motor (efferent) |
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Brains involvement with the reflex arc |
-Bypassed through the distal CNS and informed of action |
Brain suppresses reflex arc |
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Nerves |
-Made of multiple axons covered in a myelin sheath -can be afferent and efferent |
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Endoneurium |
Covering of axon
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Fascicle |
Bundle of axons |
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Perineurium |
Covering of fascicles
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Epineurium |
Covering of nerves
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Tracts |
Unbundled nerves in spinal cord traveling up and to the brain |
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Nerve Impulse |
An electrical disturbance traveling along a nerve |
A wave of depolarization that passes down the nerve |
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Action potential/ resting membrane |
The state of the nerve whereby the nerve is polarized |
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excitation |
A stimulus reaches action potential and triggers depolarization |
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Depolarization |
Na+ passes into cell through open channels -Action potential reached |
Depolarization in one segment triggers the next
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Repolarization |
Na+is pumped out of cell |
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Hyper-polarization |
K+ is also pumped out in repolarization. eventually settles back. |
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Refractory period |
Brief period where axon membrane resists re-stimulation. stops depolarization from moving backward |
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Saltatory Conduction |
Schwann cells allow action potential to jump from one node of Ranvier to the next |
allows faster conduction |
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Electric Synapses |
Travel across tight junction between nerves |
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Chemical Synapses |
Neurotransmitters cross synaptic cleft |
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Trigeminal nerve |
-Chewing -Face and mouth Touch and pain |
Cranial nerve |
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Facial Nerve |
-Facial expressions -Tears and saliva -Taste |
Cranial nerve |
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Valgus Nerve |
-Senses aortic blood pressure -Slows heart rate -Stimulates digestive organs -Taste |
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Sp/Accessory Nerve |
-Controls trapezius and Sternocleidomastiod -Swallowing |
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Number of pairs of spinal nerves |
31 pairs |
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Where the spinal nerves are |
C1N-C7N- above respective V C8N- below C7V T1-Cx- below respective V |
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Dermatomes |
Unique sensory distribution of spinal nerves |
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Myotomes |
Unique motor distribution of spinal nerves |
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4 main Plexuses |
-Cervical -Brachial -Lumbar -Sacral |
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Cervical Plexus |
C1-4 |
4 |
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Brachial Plexus |
C5-T1 |
4 |
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Lumbar Plexus |
L1-4 |
4 |
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Sacral Plexus |
L4-S4 |
6 |
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Solar Plexus |
-in abdomen -Not a spinal sensory or motor nerve |
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Thoracic Plexus |
Does not exist |
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