Peripheral Artery Disease

Front 1

Diff between true and false aneurysm?

Back 1

true involves all three layers of arteries; False is adventitia only

Front 2

Etiologies of vascular aneurysms?

Back 2

IVCATS - infection, vasculitis, congenital defects, atherosclerosis, trauma, syphilis

Front 3

Atherosclerotic aortic aneurysms happen most often in what part of the aorta?

Back 3

abdominal

Front 4

Complications of atherosclerotic aneurysms?

Back 4

embolization, branch occlusion

Front 5

What is the mechanism of aneurysm generation in atherosclerotic aneurysms?

Back 5

Loss of elastic fibers in the media

Front 6

Syphilitic aortic aneurysms generally occur in what part of the aorta?

Back 6

thoracic

Front 7

How does syphilis cause aneurysms?

Back 7

causes obliterative endartertitis which causes inflammation of the vasa vasorum, which causes ischemic necrosis of the media, causes roughening of the intima

Front 8

What valvular anomaly associated with syphilitic aneurysms?

Back 8

aortic valve regurge

Front 9

How do aortic dissections occur?

Back 9

tear develops in intima, then split between mid and outer third of media

Front 10

Predisposing factors for aortic dissection?

Back 10

HTN, collagen vascular disease

Front 11

Biggest danger of aortic dissection?

Back 11

will rupture through adventitia causing massive hemorrhage; also branch occlusion

Front 12

Most aortic dissection begin where?

Back 12

ascending aorta (type A); Type B begins in descending aorta

Front 13

Causes of vasculitis?

Back 13

CARIT - caustics, autoimmune, radiation, infection, trauma

Front 14

Autoimmune vasculitis can be mediated by which mechanisms?

Back 14

Immune complexes (circulating or formed in situ), pANCa, cANCA, antiendothelial antibodies, Cell mediated immunity;

Front 15

Vasculitis's caused by immune complexes?

Back 15

Lupus, hypersensitivity, polyarteritis nodosa

Front 16

Vasculitis associated with cANCA?

Back 16

Wegeners granulomatosis

Front 17

Vasculitis associated with pANCA?

Back 17

Polyarteritis nodosa

Front 18

Vasculitis associated with antiendothelial antibodies?

Back 18

Kawasakis

Front 19

Classification of arteritis by size of vessel?

Back 19

Large Vessel (giant cell, takayasu);Medium Vessel (Polyarteritis nodosa, Kawasaki); Small vessel (Microscopic polyangiitis,Wegener granulomatosis)

Front 20

Etiology of temporal (giant cell arteritis)?

Back 20

T cell mediated injury

Front 21

Clinical presentation of someone with temporal arteritis?

Back 21

headache, visual disturbances, fever, weight loss, swelling over temporal artery

Front 22

Age and gender of someone with temporal arteritis?

Back 22

over 50, probably female

Front 23

Pathology of temporal arteritis?

Back 23

Granulomatous inflammation, Intimal proliferation with multi nucleated giant cells

Front 24

Etiology of takayasu arteritis?

Back 24

unknown

Front 25

Clinical signs of takayasu?

Back 25

visual disturbances, weak arm pulses, neurologic signs, HTN

Front 26

Pathology of takayasu?

Back 26

Intimal fibrosis of aortic arch and branches (can have granulomas as well)

Front 27

Age of someone with takayasu?

Back 27

young, less than 40

Front 28

Clinical signs of polyarteritis nodosa?

Back 28

can be acute/chronic or relapsing; HTN, fever, weight loss, abdominal and muscle pain, renal failure, hep B

Front 29

Pathology of polyarteritis nodosa?

Back 29

haphazard segmental fibrinoid necrosis with lots of PMNS of the kidney, or liver or heart or GI

Front 30

Complications of Polyarteritis nodosa?

Back 30

infarcts, aneurysms, thrombosis

Front 31

Similarities between PAN and churg strauss (allergic granulomatosis)?

Back 31

shows pANCA, pattern of fibrinoid necrosis

Front 32

Diffs between PAN and churg strauss?

Back 32

CS - asthma, allergic rhinitis, infiltration by eosinophils; Affects lungs then heart then spleen, then per nerves, then skin

Front 33

Clinical signs of kawasaki disease?

Back 33

Oral mucosa erythema, lymphadenopathy, erythema of palms and soles

Front 34

Age of kawasaki disease patients?

Back 34

infants and children?

Front 35

Pathology of kawasaki disease?

Back 35

coronary artery vasculitis

Front 36

Clinical signs of microscopic polyangiitis?

Back 36

presence of pANCA, skin rash, involvement of other organs

Front 37

Pathology of MP?

Back 37

fibrinoid necrosis of microvasculature with karryorrhexis of PMNs

Front 38

Clinical signs of Wegeners?

Back 38

cANCA, sinusitis, pneumonitis, renal failure, glomerulonephritis

Front 39

Pathology of wegeners?

Back 39

Necrotizing granulomas with vasculitis in kidneys and entire respiratory tract

Front 40

Clinical signs of thromboangiitis obliterans?

Back 40

claudication, ischemic ulcers, gangrene

Front 41

Age and risk factor of pts with thromboangiitis?

Back 41

less than 35 years old, smoker

Front 42

Pathology of thromboangiitis obliterans?

Back 42

vasculitis with thrombosis, PMNs collects in thrombi