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82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe how Mendeleev arranged all the known elements and the pattern he discovered on his periodic table.
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**arranged by increasing atomic mass
**discovered that repeating patters of valence numbers arranged in rows of 7, then elements in a column would have the same valence number. |
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Discuss Henry Mosley's contribution to the modern periodic table.
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He decided what an ATOMIC NUMBER was which led to the modern periodic table.
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How are elements in the MODERN periodic table arranged?
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Arranged by increasing atomic numbers.
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State the periodic law.
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Physical and Chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic number.
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Describe the location of METALS, METALLOIDS, and NON-METALS on the periodic table.
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METALS: on the left side of
NON-METALS: are on the right side METTALOIDS: along the "zig-zag" on the right side |
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List the PHYSICAL properties of metals and nonmetals.
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METALS: good conductors of heat and electricity; shiny; high melting point; ductile; malleable; high melting point.
NON-METALS: poor conductors of heat and electricity; dull; low melting point; many are gases; solids are brittle |
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Discuss the tendency to GAIN, or LOSE valence electrons in relation to metals and non-metals.
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METALS: want to loose their valence electrons
NON-METALS: want to gain valence electrons |
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Define VALENCE ELECTRONS.
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electrons in an atom that are in the outermost energy level.
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Descuss how group number (1-2, and 13-18) relates to the number of valence electrons.
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FAMILY 1 has 1 valence electron; FAMILY 2 has 2 valence electrons; FAMILY 13 has 3 valence electrons; FAMILY 14 has 4 valence electrons; FAMILY 15 has 5 valence electrons. FAMILY 16 has 6 valence electrons. FAMILY 17 has 7 valence electrons; FAMILY 18 has 8 valence electrons.
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Discuss the periodic properties of the elements (density, atomic size, reactivity, valence and metallic properties) from left to right, and from top to bottom.
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ATOMIC SIZE: goes large to small moving left to right
VALENCE: goes up one moving left to right for each family METALLIC PROPERTIES: go more to less moving left to right. REACTIVITY: increases going up DENSITY: goes less to more moving left to right. |
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Name the families going left to right.
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Alkali, Alkaline, Boron, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Halogen, Noble (Inert) Gases, in between are the transistion metals, and below are the rare earth metals (lanthanoids and actanoids)
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Discuss relative reactivity of families of elements based on their location on the periodic table.
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LOWER atomic numbers have more reactivity.
HIGHER atomic numbers will have less reactivity. |
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List the properties of Alkali Metals.
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**atoms have 1 valence electron
**most-active nonmetals. **soft, silver-white, shiny metals **are never found free in nature |
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List the properties of Alkaline Earth Metals
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**atoms have 2 valence electrons
**soft, shiny metals **are never found free in nature |
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List the properties of the Boron family.
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**atoms have 3 valence electrons
**aluminun is in this group |
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Describe how Mendeleev arranged all the known elements and the pattern he discovered on his periodic table.
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**arranged by increasing atomic mass
**discovered that repeating patters of valence numbers arranged in rows of 7, then elements in a column would have the same valence number. |
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Discuss Henry Mosley's contribution to the modern periodic table.
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He decided what an ATOMIC NUMBER was which led to the modern periodic table.
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How are elements in the MODERN periodic table arranged?
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Arranged by increasing atomic numbers.
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State the periodic law.
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Physical and Chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic number.
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Describe the location of METALS, METALLOIDS, and NON-METALS on the periodic table.
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METALS: on the left side of
NON-METALS: are on the right side METTALOIDS: along the "zig-zag" on the right side |
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List the PHYSICAL properties of metals and nonmetals.
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METALS: good conductors of heat and electricity; shiny; high melting point; ductile; malleable; high melting point.
NON-METALS: poor conductors of heat and electricity; dull; low melting point; many are gases; solids are brittle |
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Discuss the tendency to GAIN, or LOSE valence electrons in relation to metals and non-metals.
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METALS: want to loose their valence electrons
NON-METALS: want to gain valence electrons |
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Define VALENCE ELECTRONS.
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electrons in an atom that are in the outermost energy level.
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Descuss how group number (1-2, and 13-18) relates to the number of valence electrons.
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FAMILY 1 has 1 valence electron; FAMILY 2 has 2 valence electrons; FAMILY 13 has 3 valence electrons; FAMILY 14 has 4 valence electrons; FAMILY 15 has 5 valence electrons. FAMILY 16 has 6 valence electrons. FAMILY 17 has 7 valence electrons; FAMILY 18 has 8 valence electrons.
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Discuss the periodic properties of the elements (density, atomic size, reactivity, valence and metallic properties) from left to right, and from top to bottom.
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ATOMIC SIZE: goes large to small moving left to right
VALENCE: goes up one moving left to right for each family METALLIC PROPERTIES: go more to less moving left to right. REACTIVITY: increases going up DENSITY: goes less to more moving left to right. |
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Name the families going left to right.
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Alkali, Alkaline, Boron, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Halogen, Noble (Inert) Gases, in between are the transistion metals, and below are the rare earth metals (lanthanoids and actanoids)
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Discuss relative reactivity of families of elements based on their location on the periodic table.
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LOWER atomic numbers have more reactivity.
HIGHER atomic numbers will have less reactivity. |
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List the properties of Alkali Metals.
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**atoms have 1 valence electron
**most-active nonmetals. **soft, silver-white, shiny metals **are never found free in nature |
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List the properties of Alkaline Earth Metals
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**atoms have 2 valence electrons
**soft, shiny metals **are never found free in nature |
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List the properties of the Boron family.
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**atoms have 3 valence electrons
**aluminun is in this group |
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List the properties of the Carbon Family.
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**atoms have 4 valence electrons
**an element in it is also called the "basis of life" |
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List the properties of Nitrogen Family.
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**atoms have 5 valence electrons
**most abundant in the earth's atomosphere is in this family |
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List the properties of the Oxygen Family.
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**atoms have 7 valence electrons.
**most active nonmetals **gain or share 1 valence electron **never found free in nature |
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List the propertires of Noble (Inert) Gases.
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**do not normally react with other elements.
**atoms have 8 valence electrons |
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List the uses of Alkali Metals.
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medicines, soups, salts, photo cells
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List the elements found in the Alkali Metals.
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Li (lithium), Na (Sodium), K (potassium), Rb (rubidium), Cs (cesium), Fr (francium)
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List the uses for Alkaline Earth Metals.
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medicines, electronics, car parts, fireworks, paints, batteries
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List the elements found in the Alkaline Earth Metals.
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Be (berrylium), Mg (magnesium), Ca (calcium), Sr (strontium), Ba (barium), Ra (radium)
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Magnesium is used in _______.
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alloys, medicines, flahsbulbs, lightweight and strong
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Calcium is ________________.
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an abundant essential part of the human body (bones and teeth)
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Strontium, barium, and radium are ________________.
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radioactive
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List the elements found in the Boron Family.
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B (boron), Al (aluminum), Ga (gallium), In (indium), T1 (thallium)
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Is aluminum a metal or a metalloid?
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A metal.
**even though it's position makes it a mettaloid, it is considered a metal |
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Compounds containing carbon are called what?
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Organic Substances
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What is the 2nd most abundant element in the earth's crust?
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silicon
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What are the uses of silicon?
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glass, cement, solar cells
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Is Germanium a METAL, NON-METAL, or a METALLOID?
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mettaloid
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Is Tin a METAL, NON-METAL, or a METALLOID?
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metal
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Tin resists _________________.
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corrosion
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Lead is ________________.
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poisonous.
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List the elements that are included in the Carbon family.
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C (carbon), Si (silicon), Ge (germanium), Sn (tin), Pb (lead)
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List the elements that are included in the Nitrogen Family.
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N (nitrogen), P (phopshorus), As (arsenic), Sb (antimony), Bi (bismuth)
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Nitrogen and Phosphorus are _____________.
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nonmetals.
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What are the uses of elements located in the Nitrogen family.
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fertilizers, explosions, drugs, dyes, amonia
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Phosphorus is ______________.
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too active to be found by itself.
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Arsenic and Antimony are ____________________.
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metalloids.
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Bismuth is _______________.
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used in alloys.
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List the elements that are located in the Oxygen Family.
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O (oxygen), S (sulfur), Se (Selenium), Te (tellurium), Po (polonium)
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Compounds containing carbon are called what?
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Organic Substances
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What is the 2nd most abundant element in the earth's crust?
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silicon
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What are the uses of silicon?
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glass, cement, solar cells
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Is Germanium a METAL, NON-METAL, or a METALLOID?
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mettaloid
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Is Tin a METAL, NON-METAL, or a METALLOID?
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metal
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Tin resists _________________.
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corrosion
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Lead is ________________.
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poisonous.
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List the elements that are included in the Carbon family.
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C (carbon), Si (silicon), Ge (germanium), Sn (tin), Pb (lead)
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List the elements that are included in the Nitrogen Family.
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N (nitrogen), P (phopshorus), As (arsenic), Sb (antimony), Bi (bismuth)
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Nitrogen and Phosphorus are _____________.
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nonmetals.
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What are the uses of elements located in the Nitrogen family.
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fertilizers, explosions, drugs, dyes, amonia
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Phosphorus is ______________.
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too active to be found by itself.
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Arsenic and Antimony are ____________________.
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metalloids.
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Bismuth is _______________.
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used in alloys.
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List the elements that are located in the Oxygen Family.
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O (oxygen), S (sulfur), Se (Selenium), Te (tellurium), Po (polonium)
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Oxygen, Sulfur, and Selenium are _________________.
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non-metals.
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Polonium is _____________.
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radioactive.
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What are the uses of Halogens?
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nonstick utensils, prevents tooth decay.
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List the elements that are located in the Halogen Family.
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F (fluorine), Cl (chlorine), Br (bromine), I (iodine), At (astatine)
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List the Noble (Inert) Gases.
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He (helium), Ne (neon), Ar (argon), Kr (krypton), Xe (xenon), Rn (radon)
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What are the uses of noble gases?
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blimps, lights, photographic lamps, radon to treat cancer.
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The transition metals are located in groups __-__
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3-12.
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List some examples of Transistion Metals.
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Fe (iron), Co (cobalt), Ni (nickel), Cu (copper), Ag (silver), Au (gold), Zn (zinc), Cd (cadmium), Hg (mercury)
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List the properties of transition metals.
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**properties are similar to one another.
**less active then alkali and alkaline metals **many form compounds with oxygen (oxides) **excellent conductors **many are hard but some are brittle |
