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132 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Who supported James Madison's election to the precidency?
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Jefferson
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What skills did Jefferson and Madison rely on rather than speaking skills?
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Writing skills and intellect
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What defined Madison's presidency? |
The War of 1812 |
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Who built the tribes east of the Mississippi into a confederation?
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Tecumseh
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What did Tenskwatawa promise his warriors he would do to Harrison's army?
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Cast a spell to confuse them so they wouldn't resist
(Also said spell would make warriors invincible) |
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Who were the leading Hawks and what did they want to do?
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Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun; defend America's honor
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Why did the US want to acquire Canada?
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To use it as a bargaining chip with Britain in exchange for honor and respect
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Why did New England Federalists oppose the War of 1812?
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-Political reasons
- They feared the damage it would do to their commercial economy |
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In the minds of Federalists, what would the US be doing by going to war against Britain?
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Aiding Napoleon
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What group believed in profit over patriotism?
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Federalists
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What did many Federalists do to make sure that Madison's plan of declaring war failed?
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Secretly supplied British troops with food, supplies, and money
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What doomed the US in the War of 1812?
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- Poor military leadership
- Poor preparation - No navy capable of confronting the British |
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Who took Lake Erie from the British?
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Oliver Hazard Perry
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Who gets credit for killing Tecumseh at the the Battle of Thames?
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Colonel Richard Mentor Johnson
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What is the War of 1812 commonly called?
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Mr. Madison's War
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What did the British do once Napoleon abdicated?
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Sent 11,000 of their best men to fight in America
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What was the main reason for the British burning the White House?
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To end the war quickly and humiliate the US
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Who was Francis Scott Key?
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An American lawyer who wrote the Star Spangled Banner
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Why did the British attack Baltimore?
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It was home of the privateers
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Where was the Treaty of Ghent signed?
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In Belgium
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What did the British agree to in the Treaty of Ghent?
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Status quo ante bellum (the way things were before the war)
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What convention displayed the Federalists' position on states rights?
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The Hartford Convention
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What events caused the Federalist party lose its power?
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- Louisiana Purchase
- Alien and Sedition Acts |
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What battle took place 2 weeks after the Treaty of Ghent was signed?
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The Battle of New Orleans
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Who were the "biggest losers" in the War of 1812?
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Native Americans (esp. in the West)
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What nations did the US gain respect from after the war?
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Britain and Spain
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What new party came out of the war?
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National Republic Party
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What region was talking of nullification and secession after the war?
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New England
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What drew upon the nationalism Americans were still feeling after the War of 1812?
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Henry Clay's "American System"
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What did the "American System" create?
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-Sectionalism
- Market revolution |
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What was James Madison's presidency marked by?
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Foreign and domestic affairs
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What did the Rush-Bagot Agreement do?
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Limited the number of vessels the US and Britain could have on certain lakes
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What was agreed on at the Convention of 1818?
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The 49th parallel would be the boundary between the US and Canada
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Who exceeded their instructions in Florida and destroyed Seminole settlements?
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General Andrew Jackson
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What crime did Jackson commit against the British in Florida?
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Captured, tried, and executed 2 British privateers
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When did most of Spain's territories in America gain independence?
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Between 1817-1822
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What was a problem with the Monroe Doctrine?
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We didn't have a navy to back it up
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What feeling was closely tied to the Era of Good Feelings?
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Nationalism
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During whose presidency does the Era of Good Feelings take place in?
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Monroe's
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What/who was the first to introduce the term 'Era of Good Feelings'?
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A Federalist newspaper in Boston
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What were the 5 big things that tore the country apart after the Era of Good Feelings?
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1. Protective tariff
2. Second bank of US 3. Land policy 4. Internal improvements 5. Slavery |
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What was the protective tariff supposed to protect against?
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The British dumping cheap goods into the US at low prices
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What was the #1 source of income for the federal government?
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The protective tariff
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How did the North, South, and West feel about the protective tariff?
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North: favored it
South: resented it West: on the fence |
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When did the charter for the first Bank of the US expire?
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1811
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How do the North, South, and West feel about the second Bank of the US?
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North: loved it
South: opposed it West: opposed it |
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Which of the 5 things that tore the country apart was part of Henry Clay's American System?
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Second Bank of the US
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Who took advantage of the land policies?
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Land speculators looking to get rich quickly
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How did the North, South, and West feel about the liberal land acts?
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North: afraid of it
South: worried about competition West: strongly favored |
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What does panic mean?
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Economic downturn
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What factors contributed to the Panic of 1819?
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- Downturn in exports
- Strong price competition from foreign goods |
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Why was the Panic of 1819 largely the second Bank of the US's fault?
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It had tightened credit
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On what grounds did the Democrat-Republican Party object to internal improvements?
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Said that the Constitution did not explicitly provide for federal government spending on national developments
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Who/what financed internal improvements?
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Private corporations and some state funds
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How did the North, South, and West feel about the internal improvements?
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North: against it
South: against it West: in favor of it |
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What project was the only one to be built with federal funds?
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Cumberland (national) Road
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What was the the most divisive sectional issue?
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Slavery
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What was another name for slavery that politicians created?
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Peculiar institution
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How was slavery considered before the Missouri Compromise?
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A local issue
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What year was the importation of slaves abolished?
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1808
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In 1819, how many states were free and how many were slave states?
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11 each
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What year was the Missouri Compromise created?
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1820
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Who created the Missouri Compromise?
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Henry Clay
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What did the amendment that Congressman James Tallmadge introduced want to do?
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Prohibit more slaves from coming into Missouri and free all slaves born in Missouri at the age of 25
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What did Congress add to the Missouri Compromise?
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Prohibition of slavery in all other parts of the Louisiana Purchase north of the 36° 30' line (Missouri southern boundary)
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Who said, "This momentous question of slavery , like a fireball in the night, awakened and filled me with terror. I considered it at once the knell of of the union"?
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Jefferson
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Who are our greatest politicians of all time?
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Clay, Webster, and Calhoun
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Who was John C. Calhoun? |
A politician and wealthy planter who was devoted to the South and it's institutions
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What did Calhoun think of slavery?
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It was a postive good
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What other politician was Henry Clay very similar to?
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Hamilton
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What was Henry Clay's greatest gift as a politician?
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He was able to see the needs of the nation from a broad perspective and create a compromise
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Which fellow Western leader did Jackson despise and wish to kill?
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Clay
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What election is commonly reffered to as the 'corrupt bargain'?
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The election of 1824
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What was significant about the election of 1824?
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It was the first election where the popular vote counted
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Explain the election of 1824
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-Crawford, Clay, Calhoun, Q. Adams, and Jackson all ran for the presidency
- The contest went to the House of Reps because no one got the majority vote - Q. Adams won as president and Calhoun won VP |
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What was the primary reason for Adams only serving for one term?
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Jacksonians' efforts to derail his presidency
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What was Q. Adams' worst political mistake?
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Not using his power of appointment to build support for his programs (didn't hire people that supported him and didn't fire people that opposed him)
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What was the only act that Q. Adams passed during his presidency?
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The Tariff of Abomination
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What were Jacksonians hoping to do with the Tariff of Abomination?
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Make it ugly to both the North and South so it would be repealed
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How high was the Tariff of Abomination?
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45-50%
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%
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What did the South Carolina legislature pass?
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An anonymous pamphlet called The 'South Carolina Exposition'
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What concept was brought up in 'The South Carolina Exposition'?
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nullification
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What brought on the first Industrial Revolution in America?
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The development of machines with interchangeable parts that could mass produce standardized low-cost goods
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Who is considered the "Father of the Factory System"?
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Samuel Slater
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Who created the cotton gin?
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Eli Whitney
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What helped speed the growth of production operations?
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Eli Whitney's principle of interchangeable parts (first used in firearms factories)
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What is another name for the Lowell System?
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The Waltham System
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What is the significance of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts vs. Hunt case?
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Unions were illegal until the case concluded they were not a restraint of trade
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Why did the Factory System expand so rapidly in the North?
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- More waterfalls; rapidly moving, emptied out in important states
- Dense population - Best sea ports - Merchant class willing to invest money |
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Who replaced the women factory workers after they protested for better pay and shorter hours?
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Irish immigrants
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When did the Irish Potato Famine take place and what is another name for it?
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1845-1849
"Black Forties" |
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Where did most of the Irish immigrants settle?
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Boston and New York- made up over half the population
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What were some stereotypes that the Irish faced?
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Ignorant, lazy, dirty
Severe anti-Catholic prejudices |
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What political party did the Irish generally support?
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Democrat
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What two groups of people are referred to as "Old Immigrants"?
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The German and Irish
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What other groups of people were the Irish very similar to?
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The Chesapeake immigrants and indentured servants
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Why did most Germans emigrate to the US?
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Crop failures; some were political refugees from democratic collapse
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Where did the Germans tend to settle?
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Midwest- Ohio and Wisconsin
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What other group of immigrants were the Germans similar to?
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The Puritans
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What was the US's #1 crop in the 1850's?
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Cotton
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How did the North profit from the cotton trade?
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Handled the transportation and insurance of the crop
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What kept the South in debt during the 1850's?
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They had to purchase finished goods from the North under a credit system
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What were some ways that slave owners 'dehumanized' their slaves?
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Whipping, branding, breaking spirits, beating them up, rape, castration, broke up families
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What is an overseer/driver on a plantation?
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The person responsible for dehumanizing the slaves
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What caused an increase in the slave population after the importation of slaves was abolished?
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Natural reproduction- women were encouraged to have lots of children
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What did the American Colonization Society do?
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Advocated the emigration of free blacks to Africa
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What direction did slavery move in?
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From south to west
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What was ironic about the increase in cotton production?
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The increase in production didn't decrease the price
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What happened to the price of slaves when cotton production expanded?
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Went up rapidly
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Where were most of the slaves located during/after the cotton boom?
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Along the Gulf Coast and Mississippi River Valley
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What percent of Southerners owned slaves?
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25%
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Who held all the political power in the South?
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Large plantation owners
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Where did the funding to build turnpikes come from?
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State governments and some private individuals
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What was the name of the first steamboat ever built?
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Robert Fulton's Clermont
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How did steamboats benefit the West and South?
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Helped open the regions to further settlement
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Where was the steamboat system first put together?
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Paris; brought to the US after the Louisiana Purchase
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Who was the creator of the steamboat? Who funded the project?
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Robert Fulton; Livingston
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What is the significance of the Erie Canal?
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It politically and economically linked the Old Northwest to the East
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What impact did the Erie Canal have on regional alliances?
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- Broke up the South-West alliance
- Created a Northeast-West alliance |
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Who was John Marshall?
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A committed Federalist and judge whose court decisions reflected the need for a strong national government
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What two events shaped Marshalls mind about how the government should be run?
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- Valley Forge
- Shay's Rebellion |
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What were most of Marshalls court decisions based on?
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- Judicial authority
- Nationalism - Property rights and economic development |
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How did Denmark Vesey become a free man?
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Won a $1,500 lottery and purchased his freedom for $600
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What were Vesey and his followers planning on doing after they killed the slave owners?
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Sail to Haiti
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What was the aftermath of the failed Vesey rebellion?
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The African church was burned down and laws were passed that limited the movement of slaves and prevented them from entering ports
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What are the 3 types of internal improvements and when were they being built?
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- Roads (1790-1820)
- Canals (1820's) - Railroads (most of 1800s) |
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In general, what was the Dartmouth v. Woodward case about?
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Contracts being unconstitutional
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What was the impact of Marshalls decision to strike down the state law in New Hampshire in the Dartmouth v. Woodward case?
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His decision upheld the sacredness of contracts and private property
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What was the significance of the Dartmouth v. Woodward case?
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- Encouraged investment in corporations
- Led to the development of a market revolution |
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What was Marshalls decision in the McCulloch v. Maryland case?
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He determined that the Second Bank of the US was not unconstitutional and therefore Maryland had no right to tax the bank
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What famous saying came out of the McCulloch v. Maryland case?
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"The power to tax is the power to destroy"
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What was Marshalls decision in the Gibbons v. Ogden case?
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The monopoly NY had given to Ogden was unconstitutional because only Congress can regulate interstate commerce
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