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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Basis for idea of Manifest Destiny
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Asserted U.S. power in the Western Hemisphere and supported U.S. expansion westward
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Effects of territories gained after Mexican–American War
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Accompanied by heated controversy over allowing or forbidding slavery in newly acquired territores
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Desires for access to western resources
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Led to environmental transformation of the region, new economic activities, and increased settlement in areas forcibly taken from American Indians
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Interest in trade with Asia
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U.S. interest in expanding trade led to economic, diplomatic, and cultural initiatives westward to Asia
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Characteristics of antebellum immigrants
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Oftenlived in ethnic communities and retained their religion, language,and customs; gave rise to major violent nativist movement that was stronglyanti–Catholic and aimed at limiting immigrants’ cultural influenceand political and economic power
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New opportunities in the West created by government legislation
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Asian, African American, and white peoples sough new economic opportunities or religious refugee in the West; these efforts were boosted after the Civil War with the passage of new legislation promoting national economic development
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Effects of interaction with Hispanics and Indians on culture
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U.S. government interaction andconflict with Hispanics and American Indians increased, alteringthese groups’ cultures and ways of life and raising questions abouttheir status and legal rights
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Reasons for differing views on slavery between North and South
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North’s expanding economy and its increasing reliance on a free–labor manufacturing economy contrasted with the South's dependence on an economic system based on slave–based agriculture and slow population growth
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Abolitionist Strategies
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Mounted a highly visible campaign against slavery; fierce arguments against the institution of slavery and assisted slaves
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Foundation of Southern Defense of slavery
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State's rights, nullification, and racist stereotyping
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Efforts to resolve the issue of slavery
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Compromise of 1850, Kansas–Nebraska Act, and the Dred Scott decision; all failed to ultimately reduce sectional conflict
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Reason for the end of the second party system
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Issues of slavery and anti–immigrant nativism weakened loyalties to two major parties and fostered emergence of sectional parties
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Effects of Lincoln's election
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On free soil platform, led southern leaders to conclude that their states must secede from the Union, precipitating civil war
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Mobilization and opposition to war
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Union and Confederacy mobilized economies and societies to wage war even while facing considerable home front opposition
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Effects of Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation
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Changed purpose of war, African Americans fight in Union army and prevent confederacy from gaining full diplomatic support from European powers
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Reasons for Union Victory
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Military leadership, effective strategies, key victories, greater resources and wartime destruction of South's environment and infrastructure
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Southern response to 13th Amendment
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Bringing war's most dramatic social and economic change, but exploitative and soil–intensive sharecropping system endured for several generation
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Short–term success of Reconstruction
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Reuniting union, opening up political opportunities and other leadership roles to slaves and rearranging relationships with whites and blacks in South.
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Methods to avert African American citizen and voting rights
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Segregation, violence, supreme court decisions and local political tactics.
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Effects of 14th and 15th Amendments of women
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Women's rights movement was both emboldened and divided over the 14th and 15th amendments
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Effects of Civil War Amendments
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Established judicial principles, eventually became basis for court decisions upholding civil rights
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Manifest Destiny
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American expansion from coast to coast, helped Western settlement , Native American removal and war with Mexico
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Morse Code
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Transmitting text info. as a series of on–off tones, lights, etc.
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Overland Trails
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Stagecoach and wagon trail in the American during the 19th century
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James K. Polk
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11th president of U.S
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Stephen Austin
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Founder of Texas
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Texas Independence
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Texas Declaration of Independence, broke from Mexico
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Battle of Alamo
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Pivotal event in the Texas Revolution
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Webster–Ashburton
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Treaty resolving several border issues between the U.S
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Mexican American War
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Armed conflict between U.S and Mexico, followed annexation of Texas.
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Rio Grande v. Nueces River
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Border was in Texas during the war with Mexico, boundaries debated after Texas became a state of the Union
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Winfield Scott
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U.S army general and unsuccessful presidential candidate of Whig party
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Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
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War officially ended with Mexico signing it, added U.S territory
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Wilmot Proviso
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Major events leading to the civil war, would have banned slavery in any territory
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Gadsden Purchase
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Agreement between U.S and Mexico, U.S agreed to pay Mexico.
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California Gold Rush
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Riverbeds of gold nuggets discovered
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Oregon Territory
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Organized incorporated territory of U.S, major diplomatic issues
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Free–Soil Movement
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Short–lived political party; opposed the expansion of slavery
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Compromise of 1850
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Fugitive slave act was created and the slave trade in D.C. was banned
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Henry Clay
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American lawyer, politician, and skilled orator who represented Kentucky in the US Senate and House of Representatives
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Kansas–Nebraska Act
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Created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska
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Popular Sovereignty
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Authority of the government is created and sustained by the people
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Stephen Douglas
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Designer of the Kansas–Nebraska Act. He was a U.S. Representative, and a U.S. Senator.
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"Bleeding Kansas"
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Northerners and Southerners rush to Kansas in order to vote on the issue of slavery; a fight breaks out and many lie dead
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Fugitive Slave Law
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Required that all escaped slaves were, upon capture, to be returned to their masters
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Dread Scott Case
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Controversial case where African Americans were not citizens and thus could not sue in court
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Abraham Lincoln
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16th President of the U.S. Major figure during the Civil War and was responsible for the Emancipation Proclamation
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Election of 1860
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Abraham Lincoln v. John C. Breckenridge v. John Bell
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Seccession
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To withdraw formally from membership of a federation of body; The South succeeded
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Border States
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Slave states that had not declared a secession from the Union
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Jefferson Davis
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President of the Confederate States of America
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Homestead Act
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Encouraged Western migration by providing settlers with 160 acres of land.
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Anaconda Plan
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Surround the South and let their resources diminish thus forcing them to surrender
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Robert E. Lee
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Confederate general; left the Union to support his home state Virginia
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Antietam
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Battle during the Civil War; First major battle between the North and the South
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Ulysses S. Grant
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Union General; future president of the U.S.
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Sherman's March
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March through Georgia; Sherman believed that the South should feel the hard hand of war
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Emancipation Proclamation
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Lincoln declared that all slaves in the Southern states were free.
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13th Amendment
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Outlawed slavery and any forced servitude
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Assassination of Lincoln
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Lincoln assassinated by John Wilks Booth at the Ford Theatre
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14th Amendment
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Gave all people born in the US citizenship
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Due Process
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Law that requires that the state must respect the rights of a person
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15th Amendment
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Allowed all male ex–slaves the right to vote
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Redeemers
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Group of white Southerners who opposed the freedmen, carpetbaggers, and scalawags
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Lincoln's 10% Plan
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If 10% of the Southern state's population agreed to North's terms then they could be readmitted into the Union
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Black Codes
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Laws passed by Southern States to reduce the rights of African Americans
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Radical Republicans
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Faction of America politicians within the Republican Party from about 1854 until 1877
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Carpetbaggers
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Northerner who moves to the South in order to profit from its instability
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Sharecropping
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Landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on the land
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