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119 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Management of a patient with varying degrees of severity of adult chronic periodontitis include:
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1. Scaling and root planing
2. Resective surgical procedures 3. Regenerative surgical procedures |
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T/F
The ability of a patient to demonstrate sustained adequate home care is not an important prerequisite for periodontal surgery. Better access and visibility of the tooth root is not a valid reason for carrying out periodontal surgical procedure. |
Both statements are False
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Osseous surgery may be accomplished during a number of periodontal surgical procedures. significant difference between ostectomy and osteoplasty is that
a) Ostectomy removes supporting alveolar bone proper b) Osteoplasty removes supporting alveolar bone proper c) Both procedures remove supporting alveolar bone proper |
Ostectomy removes supporting alveolar bone proper
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The common goal of all periodontal flap procedures is to:
a) Correct mucogingival inadequacies b) Remove diseased granulation tissue c) Provide access for root instrumentation d) Add bone support where it has been lost |
Provide access for root instrumentation
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At what step the final decision concerning the type and extent of periodontal surgery can be made?
a) Following the maintenance phase b) Following the initial exam c) Following the Tx of acute conditions d) Following the cause-related phase of the Tx e) The type and extent of periodontal surgery can be chosen at any time during Tx |
The type and extent of periodontal surgery can be chosen at any time during Tx
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Which one is NOT a main objective of periodontal surgery?
a) Eliminating inflammation b) Creating a more esthetically acceptable smile c) Regenerating periodontal attachment lost due to destructive disease d) Creating accessibility for proper professional scaling and root planing e) Establishing a gingival morphology which facilitates the patients self performed plaque control |
Eliminating infection
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What are some of the advantages of periodontal surgery?
a) Regeneration possible b) Possibly more accurate prognosis c) Opportunity for pocket reduction therapy d) Better access and visibility of root surface e) all of the above |
All of the above
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The following are the indications for periodontal surgery except:
a) Reducing probing depths b) Reduce gingival bleeding c) Gain access for adequate scaling and root planing d) Lengthen the clinical crown to facilitate adequate restorative procedures |
Reduce gingival bleeding
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The internally beveled incision in periodontal flap surgery is made to:
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1. Have a thin gingival margin
2. Remove the ulcerated pocket epithelium 3. Preserve the karatinized gingival epithelium |
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Vertical incision used to release periodontal flaps are best made at the following locations.
1) Mid papillae 2) Mid-facial of the tooth 3) At the distal line angle of the tooth 4) At the mesial line angle of the tooth |
At the distal line angle of the tooth
At the mesial line angle of the tooth |
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Following routine periodontal surgery some of the short term (1-3 weeks) problems are:
1. Pain 2. Root caries 3. Hemorrhage 4. Tooth mobility |
Pain
Hemorrhage Tooth mobility |
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The primary purpose of scaling and root planing is to:
a) Remove pathologic granulation tissue b) Remove the epithelial lining of pockets c) Expose collagen fibers to facillitate reattachment d) All of the above e) None of the above |
None of the above
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A resective periodontal surgical procedure which may be used to help treat periodontal defects associated with the terminal tooth is often referred to as:
a) Gingivectomy b) Open flap debridement c) Distal wedge procedure d) Modified Widman flap procedure |
Distal wedge procedure
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The formation of new alveolar bone, new cementum, and new PDL is what form of healing following periodontal surgery?
a) Repair b) Repeat c) Regeneration d) Reattachment |
Regeneration
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During the healing of the periodontal tissues which of the following is true?
a) The long junctional epithelium is repaired b) The Long junctional epithelium is new attachment c) The long junctional epithelium is regeneration of the periodontium d) The long junctional epithelium is the most commonly occurring healing pattern |
The long junctional epithelium is repaired
The long junctional epithelium is the most commonly occurring healing pattern |
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Following periodontal surgery the healing pattern which shows no repair may be a result of which of the following?
1. Smoking by the patient 2. Long-term maintenance schedule 3. Adequate home care by patient 4. Inadequate debridement by therapist 5. Insufficient control of periodontal infection |
1,4,5
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The portion of a dental root form implant which is analogous to a tooth root is called the:
a) Fixture b) Abutment c) Healing cap d) The metal root |
Fixture
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Contact between normal and remodeled bone and a dental implant surface without the interposition of non-bone or connective tissue is termed:
a) Osseointegration b) Pseudo-ankylosis c) Fibro-encapsulation d) Fibro-osseous retention |
Osseointegration
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Which of the following bone types has the greatest percentage of compact bone?
a) Type I b) Type II c) Type III d) Type IV |
Type I
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Which of the following implant components are NOT part of the permanent structure in the patient's mouth?
a) Analog b) Fixture c) Abutment d) Gold screw |
Analog
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The gingivectomy procedure is usually used for the primary purpose of removing excess gingival tissue. Other indications for its use may incude which of the following?
1. Soft tissue augmentation 2. Altered passive eruption cases 3. Correction of gingival craters 4. Crown elongation procedures 5. Correction of osseous defects |
2,3, & 4
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All of the following are indicated for maintenance of dental implants except
a) Rubber cup b) Proxy brushes c) Prophylactic paste d) Stainless steel curettes |
Stainless steel curettes
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Which of the following medications have been most closely associated with gingival overgrowth?
1. Lithane (lithium) 2. Dilantin (phenytoin) 3. Catepres (clonadine) 4. Cardizem (diltiazem) 5. Procardia (nefedipine) 6. Sandimunne (cyclosporin A) |
2, 4, 5, & 6
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The contraindications to performing a gingivectomy procedure include:
1. The presence of an adequate zone of attached gingiva 2. The presence of deep suprabony fibrous enlargements 3. The presence of compromising systemic disease and/or severe inflammation 4. The presence of a shallow palatal vault with extensive periodontal involvement |
3 & 4
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The following is/are true regarding the incisions for a gingivectomy procedure:
1. The labial and lingual incisions should end coronal to the osseous crest 2. The labial and lingual incisions should be made apical to the bleeding points 3. The interdental incision should connect the labial and lingual bleeding points |
1, 2,& 3
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As an alternative to the traditional gingivectomy/gingivoplasty procedures, laser surgery has been approved for use. Injudicious use of the laser, however, may result in which of the following?
1. Delayed wound healing 2. Collateral thermal damage 3. Inhibition of fibroblast attachment 4. The formation of a residual char layer on the root surface |
2, 3, & 4
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Clinical examination of the periodontal structures prior to performing gingivectomy gingivoplasty procedures includes:
1. An evaluation of the soft tissue for color contour consistency and texture 2. An evaluation of the radiographic findings regarding bone height 3. An evaluation of the pocket depth 4. An evaluation of the amount of attached gingiva |
1, 2, 4, & 4
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Regeneration describes the formation of new cementum, new alveolar bone, and new PDL in sites where these structures were lost to periodontitis. Most healing by periodontal therapy occurs by regeneration
T/F |
First statement is True
Second statement is False |
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Epithelial migration from the wound margins begins within ____ of injury and establishes surface continuity well before the connective tissue is repaired
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24 hours
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Which of the following statements are true?
1. Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF) has chemotactic activity and induction of cell proliferation 2. Tumor Growth Factor Beta (TGF Beta) deactivates the synthesis of collagen and other matrix components 3. Interferon Gamma and TNF alpha stimulate the synthesis of collagen and other matrix components 4. BMPs are stored in the intracellular matrix of bone |
None of the above
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T/F
It is not essential for certain cells to be excluded for regeneration to occur. Mesenchymal cells have limited division potential and divide in the presence of PDGF. |
First statement is False
Second statement is True |
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All of the following may occur histologically during periodontal wound healing except:
a) New attachment apparatus b) New bone separated from the root surface c) Long junctional epithelial attachment to the root surface d) Connective tissue attachment to the root surface coronal to junctional epithelium |
d
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T/F
Guided tissue regeneration involves a physical barrier to prevent the coronal migration of gingival epithelial cells. Primary closure is essential during guided tissue regeneration. |
1st False
2nd True |
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All of the following statements are true Except:
a) New cementum formation is essential for regeneration b) Recession after surgery can result in phonetic problems c) Sequestration of bone grafts is a complication of surgery d) Root caries is an immediate complication of periodontal wound healing |
D
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T/F
In bone healing following resection, the osteoblastic stage is between 10-28 days. The osteoclastic stage is between 2-20 days |
Both statements are True
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Which of the following statements are True?
1. Revascularization of soft tissue graft is 4-11 days 2. After flap surgery root resorption may occur on cementum and dentin 3. Epithelium migrates at a rate of 0.5 mm/day 4. In autogenous bone grafting, cementogenesis is seen at 7 days |
1,2,&3
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Dental implants include:
1. Root form 2. Sub-periosteal 3. Alveolar-dental 4. Blade 5. Trans-septal |
1,2, & 4
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Endosteal implants vary in length from?
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7-20 mm
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The term "self tapping" refers to:
a) The use of minimal apical pressure during placement b) Is only applicable to cylindrical implants c) An outdated term d) The ability to create thread patterns e) Decorticating mandibular bone |
The ability to create thread patterns
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A standard screw or cylinder implant has a diameter of?
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3.75-4mm
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The common goal of all periodontal flap procedures is to?
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Provide access for root instrumentation
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What are some of the advantages of periodontal surgery?
1. Regeneration possible 2. Possibly more accurate prognosis 3. Opportunity for pocket reduction therapy 4. Better access and visibility of root surface |
All of the above
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Scaling and/or root planing should be done prior to surgical tx for the following reasons Except:
a) It improves patient plaque control b) It reduces bleeding during surgery c) It stimulates the tissues regenerative capacity during surgery d) It provides time for evaluation of the patients response to tx |
c
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Selection of appropriate periodontal therapy is based on:
1. presence or absence of osseous defects 2. Width of the attached and keratinized gingiva 3. Status of the patients current health and medical Hx |
1,2,3
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T/F
Disease masking describes the clinical situation where marginal gingiva appears healthy; while tissue located in the apical portion of the periodontal pocket remains inflamed. |
Both statements are True
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T/F
Disease masking often occurs following nonsurgical Tx when there is ineffective removal of calculus in the apical part of the pocket; whereas coronal calculus is more completely removed |
Both statements are true
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T/F
Disease masking delays needed Tx. This leads to additional attachment loss and bone destruction in an already weakened periodontium |
Both statements are True
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T/F
Antibiotics and antimicrobials can further mask unresolved disease; and leave the patient at risk of additional attachment loss |
Both statements are True
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T/F
The most appropriate timing for antibiotic or antimicrobial therapy is following removal of all calculus and plaque retentive factors. This is often post-surgically, not post-scaling/root planing |
Both Statements are True
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T/F
The need for repeated use of antibiotics or antimicrobials is a clue that masking is occurring. Once an antibiotic regimen is discontinued pathogenic bacteria quickly returns |
Both statements are True
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Knowledge of the concept of disease masking can lead to
1. Earlier detection of unresolved disease 2. Prevent legal liability for supervised neglect 3. Protect the patient from additional bone and attachment loss |
1,2,3
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The objective of the subgingival curettage on the soft tissue pocket wal is/are to eliminate
a) junctional epithelium b) pocket epithelial lining c) granulation tissue and inflammatory cell infiltrate d) all of the above |
All of the above
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According to the surgical technique described for the modified Widman Flap, the initial incision in relation to the long axis of the tooth should be:
a) parallel b) perpendicular c) 45 degree angle d) 65 degree angle |
parallel
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Which of the following would be considered advantages of the modified Widman flap procedure?
a) Less exposure of the root surfaces b) Minimum trauma to the bone and connective tissue c) Close adaptation of the flap tissue to the root surfaces d) All of the above |
All of the above
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The healing and dimensional changes modified Widman flap surgery include:
1. Soft tissue recession 2. Alveolar crest resorption and remodeling 3. Long junctional epithelium between the bone and the root surface |
1,2,3
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The distance from the first incision of the modified Widman Flap procedure, to the gingival margin is?
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1 mm
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Osseous surgery may be accomplished during a number of periodontal surgical procedures. A significant difference between ostectomy and osteoplasty is that ?
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Ostectomy removes supporting alveolar bone proper
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The internally beveled incision in periodontal flap surgery is made to
1. Have a thin gingival margin 2. Remove the ulcerated pocket epithelium 3. Preserve the keratinized gingival epithelium |
1,2,3
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The formation of new alveolar bone, new cementum, and new periodontal ligament is what form of healing following periodontal surgery?
a) repair b) repeat c) regeneration d) Reattachment |
Regeneration
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In patients with moderate chronic periodontitis, pocket elimination can be achieved by:
a) apically positioning flaps b) coronally positioning flaps c) elimination of gingival inflammation d) all of the above e) none of the above |
Apically positioning flaps
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The ideal characteristics of membranes intended for guided tissue regeneration (GTR) are specific and are critical to the success of the procedure. Which of the following statements are correct?
1. Biocapability assures the least amount of inflammatory response 2. Cell occlusivity is necessary to inhibit the downgrowth of certain undesirable cells 3. Spacemaking capabilities enhance the ability of the membrane to maintain space for regeneration 4. Tissue integration allows the membrane to serve as a scaffold for the upward migration of the periodontal ligament cells |
1,2,3
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Vertical osseous defects can be classified according to Goldman and Cohen by?
a) identifying the number of walls missing b) identifying the number of walls remaining c) Identifying both the number of walls that are missing and the number of walls that are remaining d) Any of the above |
Identifying the number of walls remaining
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In which of the following cases would bone replacement therapy/GTR MOST likely be a Tx option?
1. Ridge augmentation 2. Class II furcation defects 3. Deep wide 3 wall defects 4. Shallow narrow two wall interproximal defects |
1,2,3
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Bone replacement grafting materials have been divided into a number of different categories. Please identify which of the following statements is incorrect
a) Allographs represent graphs which are from the same species b) Calf bone and bovine demineralized bone powder represents isografts c) Hydroxyapatite and calcium sulfate represent examples of non-osseous grafts d) Osseous coagulum, iliac crestal bone, and bone blend are examples of autografts |
b
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Successful regenerative procedures are dependant upon a number of factors including which of the following?
1. Tooth stability 2. Incision design 3. Defect morphology 4. Control of etiologic factors such as plaque and calculus |
all of the above
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Gingival overgrowth can occur for a variety of reasons and may be observed secondary to which of the following?
1. Hormonal changes 2. Hereditary gingival fibromatosis 3. Administration of certain medications 4. Systemic disorders including leukemia and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus |
All of the above
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The drugs identified as having the greatest incidence of inducing gingival overgrowth include drugs from which of the following categories?
1. Analgesics 2. Antidiarrhetics 3. Anticonvulsants 4. Antihypertensives 5. Immunosuppressants |
3,4,5
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The gingivectomy procedure is indicated for use in the following circumstances
1. correction of vertical osseous defects 2. Correction of altered passive eruption 3. Correction of mucogingival problems 4. Elimination of pseudopockets and gingival enlargements |
2,4
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The gingivoplasty procedure is indicated for use in the following situations
1. the creation of pontic spaces 2. the visualization of calculus deposits 3. the recreation of normal physiologic form 4. the thinning of theckened gingival margins |
1,3,4
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The following are true regarding the incisions for a gingivectomy procedure
1. The labial and lingual incision should end coronal to the osseous crest 2. The labial and lingual incision should be made apical to the bleeding point 3. The interdental incision should connect the labial and lingual bleeding point |
1,2
(3 is around the roots of the teeth) |
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When performing surgery in the Palatal Aspect of the MAxillary anterior teeth, one needs to be concerned with which of the following?
1. Access difficulty 2. The retrolingual papilla 3. Severing of the nasopalatine nerve 4. Truncating the papilla between numbers 8&9 5. Difficult flap reflection because of dense connective tissue |
1,4,5
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T/F
A split thickness facial flap is primarily utilized to allow the operator to more accurately position and suture the flap and secondarily permits the correction of mucogingival problems at the same time as osseous surgery. |
Both statements are True
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Performing periodontal surgery around the mandibular 3rd molars is generally contraindicated because of the proximity of the
a) Facial artery b) Mental nerve c) Lingual nerve d) Retrolingual papilla |
Lingual nerve
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When placing endosseous implants, which area of the mouth generally have NO anatomic structures of concern to the operator?
1. Maxillary anterior 2. Maxillary posterior 3. Mandibular posterior 4. Mandibular anterior (1st PM to 1st PM) |
None of the above
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The bony achitecture is said to be ___ if the radicular bone is coronal to the interdental bone
a) Flat b) Angular c) Positive d) Negative |
Negative
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The following are indications for osseous surgery EXCEPT
a) exostoses b) Three wall defects c) thick ridges of bone d) furcation invasions requiring root resection |
b
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Which procedure is indicated when the interdental crater is 5mm deep?
a) Ostectomy b) Osteoplasty c) Gingivectomy d) Guided tissue regeneration |
Guided tissue regeneration
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All of the following are goals of crown lengthening procedures EXCEPT
a) To facilitate hygiene and maintenance therapy b) To provide re-establishment of the biologic width c) To allow sufficient room for the transseptal collagen fibers d) To enable the restorative dentist to develop and adequate area from crown retentive requirements |
c
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One must wait 6 weeks after the crown lengthening surgery before initiating any restorative procedure because:
a) Patient discomfort would have subsided by then b) Cementum formation starts at 6 weeks following surgery c) Collagen fiber maturation and functional orientation requires 3-5 weeks d) All of the above e) None of the above |
Collagen fiber maturation and functional orientation requires 3-5 weeks
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The most common emergency during perio surgery is?
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Syncope
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Which of the following statements is False regarding the use of oral sedatives
a) The level of sedation can be controlled b) These are indicated for individuals with moderate anxiety c) Sensory and motor skills may be impaired for a prolonged period of time d) A more profound effect can be achieved compared to nitrous oxide inhalation |
A
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Gelfoam will be absorbed in
a) 1-3 weeks b) 4-6 weeks c) 6-8 weeks d) 6-8 weeks e) 3 months |
4-6 weeks
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A common complication of periodontal surgery is postoperative tooth hypersensitivity. What is the active ingredient in Sensodyne which makes it an effective desensitizing agent?
a) Fluoride b) Sodium citrate c) Potassium nitrate d) Strontium chloride |
Strontium Chloride
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When the periodontal dressing is removed one week after gingival flap procedure, one would expect to see the following except for:
a) Epithelialization of the incisions b) Necrosis of the epithelial layer of the gingival flap c) Some food debris on the facial and lingual mucosa d) Incisions bleeding readily when sutures are removed |
Necrosis of the epithelial layer of the gingival flap
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T/F
Gingival contour following flap surgery is closely dependent on the contour of the underlying bone as well as the proximity and anatomy of adjacent tooth surfaces. The elimination of osseous craters and angular bony defects establish optimal gingival contours. |
Both statements are True
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T/F
A full thickness flap is a mucoperiosteal flap, while a split thickness flap is a mucogingival flap |
Both statements are True
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T/F
The apically positioned flap displaces the entire mucogingival unit to eliminate pockets while retaining the attached gingiva. The benefit of the apically positioned flap is that it does not expose the root surfaces of the involved teeth |
1st True
2nd False |
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The preferred suturing technique for apically positioned flaps is?
a) figure eight sutures b) vertical mattress sutures c) continuous sling sutures d) interrupted single sutures |
Continuous sling suture
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T/F
If spacing should occur interproximally as a consequence of an apically positioned flap, these areas should be maintained with the use od a proxabrush. The proxabrush removes plaque and stimulates the gingiva |
Both are True
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Which of the following procedures does the Modified Widman Flap Procedure most closely resemble?
a) Gingivectomy b) Scaling and root planing c) Open subgingival curettage d) Apical repositioned flap procedure |
Open subgingival curettage
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Osseous surgery may be accomplished during a number of periodontal surgical procedures. A significant difference between ostectomy and osteoplasty is that:
a) Ostectomy removes supporting alveolar bone proper b) Osteoplasty removes supporting alveolar bone proper c) Both procedures remove supporting alveolar bone proper d) Neither procedure removes supporting alveolar bone proper |
a) Ostectomy removes supporting alveolar bone proper
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The common goal of all periodontal flap procedures is to:
a) correct mucogingival inadequacies b) remove diseased granulation tissue c) provide access for root instrumentation d) add bone support where it has been lost |
provide access for root instrumentation
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What are some of the advantages of periodontal surgery?
1. Regeneration possible 2. Possibly more accurate prognosis 3. Opportunity for pocket reduction therapy 4. Better access and visibility of root surface |
All of the above
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Vertical incision used to Release periodontal flaps are best made at the following locations
1. mid papillae 2. mid facial of the tooth 3. at the distal line angle of the tooth 4. at the mesial line angle of the tooth |
3,4
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A resective periodontal surgical procedure which may be used to help treat periodontal defects associated with the terminal tooth is often referred to as
a) gingivectomy b) open flap debridement c) distal wedge procedure d) modified widman flap procedure |
Distal wedge procedure
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Re-evaluation of the patient's periodontal condition should be done ___ weeks after initial scaling and root planing
a) 1-3 b) 4-6 c) 7-9 d) 10-12 |
4-6
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When probing inflamed sites, the tip of the periodontal probe usually penetrates the:
a) plaque free zone b) connective tissue proper c) coronal part of the junctional epithelium |
connective tissue proper
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Selection of appropriate periodontal therapy is based on
1. presence or absence of osseous defects 2. width of the attached and keratinized gingiva 3. status of the patients current health and medical history |
1,2,3
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In patients with Moderate chronic periodontitis pocket elimination can be achieved by?
a) apically positioning flaps b) coronally positioning flaps c) elimination of gingival inflammation d) all of the above e) none of the above |
apically positioning flaps
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Which of the following would be considered advantages of the modified Widman Flap procedure?
1. Less exposure of the root surface 2. Minimum trauma to the bone and connective tissue 3. Close adaptation of the flap tissue to the root surfaces |
1,2,3
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The following are indications for osseous surgery EXCEPT:
a) exostoses b) three wall defect c) thick ridges of bone d) furcation invasions requiring root resection |
b
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Whe the periodontal dressing is removed one week after a gingival flap procedure, one would expect to see the following EXCEPT for
a) epithelialization of the incisions b) necrosis of the epithelial layer of the gingival flap c) some food debris on the facial and lingual mucosa d) incisions bleeding readily when sutures are removed |
b
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When performing surgery in the palatal aspect of the maxillary anterior teeth, one needs to be concerned with which of the following
1. Access difficulty 2. Severing of the nasopalatine nerve 3. Difficult flap reflection because of dense connective tissue |
1,3
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Performing periodontal surgery around mandibular third molars is generally contraindicated because of the proximity of the
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Lingual nerve
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Gingival curettage accomplishes the removal of chronically inflamed granulation tissue from the lateral pocket wall. This tissue is composed of
1. PMNs 2. Plasma cells 3. Cementoblasts 4. Bacterial colonies |
1,2,4
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Mucogingival flap procedures to preserve esthetics include which of the following?
1. Undisplaced flap 2. Modified Widman flap 3. Apically repositioned flap 4. Flaps for regenerative surgery |
1,2,4
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The goals of the modified widman flap is?
1. Access and vision to the root surface 2. Scale and root plane the root surface 3. Remove the granulation tissue of the lateral wall 4. readapt healthy connective tissue against a clean root surface |
1,2,3,4
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Good flap adaptation to the cleaned root surface
1. assures reattachment 2. provides barrier to plaque penetration 3. helps prevent interproximal soft tissue cratering 4. promotes early establishment of a new epithelial attachment |
2,3,4
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Certain medications have been closely associated with the development of gingival overgrowth. These includeL
1. Lorazepam (ativan) 2. Atenolol (tenormin) 3. Nifedipine (procardia) 4. Carbamazepine (tegretol) 5. Cyclosporin A (sandimmune) |
3,4,5
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The indications for performing a gingivectomy procedure include which of the following:
1. elimination of pseudopockets 2. elimination of vertical osseous defects 3. limited elongation of teeth for restorative purposes 4. the elimination of deep suprabony pockets in order to visualize root surface deposits |
1,3,4
Gingivectomy is soft tissue only |
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The gingivoplasty procedure is indicated for use in which of the following situations:
1. creation of pontic spaces 2. visualization of calculus deposits 3. recreation or normal physiologic form 4. thinning of theckened gingival margins |
1,3,4
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Ostectomy is best applied to teeth with
1. 1 wall defects 2. 3 wall defects 3. 2-3 mm bone loss 4. >/= 4mm bone loss |
1,3
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After osseous surgery the flap becomes reattached to the underlying bone by?
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2-3 weeks
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There must be at least ____ between the most apical extension of the restoration margin and the alveolar bone crest.
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3 mm
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The restorative procedure should only be started ____ after the crown lengthening procedure
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6 weeks
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Ideally the interproximal bone should be ____ the labial/palatal bone
a) more apical than b) more coronal than c) at the same level as d) It doesn't matter as long as thefurcation entrance is not exposed |
more coronal than
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The objectives of regenerative procedures in periodontal therapy include which of the following?
1. decreased bone height 2. reduction in pocket depth 3. enhanced clinical attachment level |
2,3
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Successful regenerative procedures are dependant upon a number of factors including which of the following?
1. tooth stability 2. tooth morphology 3. defect morphology |
1,2,3,
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In which of the following cases would bone replacement therapy/GTR MOST likely be a tx option:
1. Tidge augmentation 2. Class II furcation defects 3. Deep wide three wall defects 4. shallow narrow two wall interproximal defect |
1,2,3,
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