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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a pericardial effusion?
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non-inflammatory fluid fills the pericardial sac
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What fluids (4) might collect in the pericardial sac?
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-serous
-serosanguinous -chylous (lymph) -blood (secondary to penetrating trauma) |
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What is the normal volume of fluid in the pericardial sac?
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30-50mL (up to 500mL can accumulate)
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What is a large, sudden accumulation of fluid in pericardial sac?
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cardiac tamponade
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What does the buildup of fluid cause with cardiac tamponade?
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it causes external compression of chambers and filling is then impaired
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What are some clinical manifestations of tamponade?
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-systemic venous congestion (distended neck veins)
-Decreased SV -Increased HR -pulsus paradoxus |
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What is pulsus paradoxus?
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-waxing/waning of BP w/respiration
-difference of >10 mmHg between inspiration/expiration (upon pt inspiration the BP drop significantly) |
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Is cardiac tamponade an emergency?
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Yes!
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What is the treatment for cardiac tamponade
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pericardiocentesis
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What is inflammation of the pericardium?
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pericarditis
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What are the causes of pericarditis?
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idiopathic (most are presumed to be viral)
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What are some ways we may see Acute Pericarditis?
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-serous
-fibrinous -purulent -hemmorhagic -caseous |
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What are (2) clinical signs of Acute Pericarditis?
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-fever
-pericardial friction rub |
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Name (2) ways someone may develop Chronic Pericarditis.
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-from previous acute pericarditis
-may happen after heart surgery (the pericardial sac adheres to the mediastinum) |
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What might one hear clinically on auscultation with pericarditis?
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pericardial friction rub (sounds like sandpaper)
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