People & Timeline From Tog Wk 26, Yr 2

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Louis de Buade de Frontenac

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1622-1698

** French courtier and Governor General of New France.

** Established many forts in Great Lakes area.

** Fought in several battles against English and Iroquois.

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Louis XV

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1710-1774

** Great-grandson of Louis XIV and King of France and Navarre.

** One of most unpopular kings of France because of lack of morals, inability to reform monarchy, and foreign policy.

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George II

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1683-1760

** German-born British King, House of Hanover,

** Last English king to personally lead armies into battle.

** Fought 7 Years' War (called French & Indian War in America), gaining Canada and India for British Empire.

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Frederick II (The Great)

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1712-1786

** Absolutist king of Prussia of the Hohenzollern family,

** Under his reign, Prussia tripled in size.

** Considered an "enlightened despot" who greatly strengthened Prussia.

** Fought War of Austrian Succession and the 7 Years' War agains Maria Theresa of Austria for possession of rich province of Silesia.

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George Washington

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1732-1799

** American patriot, soldier, and statesman.

** Commander in chief of the American armies during the Revolutionary War.

** president of the Constitutional Convention

** first President of the United States

** Virginian landholder, farmer, surveyor by trade

** served as British lieutenant colonel in the French and Indian War prior to the Revolution.

** remembered as "first in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen."

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Catherine II (The Great)

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1729-1796

** German-born Russian empress thought to have assassinated husband.

**Assumed thrown after his death.

** Known for absolutist rule and advocacy of European culture in Russia

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Maria Theresa

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1717-1780

** Absolutist Austrian queen and empress of the Holy Roman Empire.

** Reign spent competing w/other absolute monarchs of Europe, especially Frederick II.

** Lost influential province of Silesia to Frederick II in the War of Austrian Succession and the 7 Years' War.

** Co-ruled w/husband Francis I and later her son Joseph II, but she held most power.

** Daughter Marie Antoinette was queen of France when French Revolution began.

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George Frideric Handel

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1685-1759

** German composer

** Famous for his operas, oratorios, and Baroque style.

** Spent much of life writing music that was performed for King George II.

** Most famous works include Messia and Water Music.

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Antonio Vivaldi

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1678-1741

** Italian composer of the Baroque period

**Known for The Four Seasons, concertos, and religious choral compositions

** Helped to create the form of concerto

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Voltaire

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1694-1778

** French author, playwright, philospher, and social critic

** Knows for brilliant satirical denunciation of the church and the society of his day.

**His most famous work, Candide, ridicules a simplistic understanding of good and evil

** Sharp with that often made enemies

** Lived in exile in England, Prussia, and Switzerland as well as living in France

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Charles Montesquieu

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1689-1755

** French philosopher and political theorist

** Sought to discover universal laws of human nature by empirical methods.

** Described an ideal government divided into 3 independent branches, legislative, executive, and judicial, based on his erroneous understanding of how the English government was set up.

** His political theories greatly inbfluenced framers of the United States Constitution.

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Johann Sebastian Bach

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1685-1750

** German composer

** Wrote sacred & secular works for choir, orchestra, and solo instruments.

** Said to have brough the Baroque period to its pinnacle.

** Now considered one of greatest composers in Western tradition.