People In Sociology

Front 1

August Comte (1798-1857)

Back 1

1) First to promote positivism
2) Identified as the founder of sociology and named the subject.
3) interested in social order (statics) and social change (dynamics).
4) advocate for the abolishment of slavery.

Front 2

Herbert Spencer (1820-1903)

Back 2

1) The second founder of sociology.
2) Coined the term survival of the fittest.
3) Taught social Darwinism
4) Thought noone should intervene in society.
5) Did not conduct scientific studies.
6) Pure sociologist

Front 3

Karl Marx (1818-1883)

Back 3

1) Wall Street Journal called him one of the 3 greatest modern thinkers.
2) Believed that the engine of human history is class conflict.
3) Founder of conflict theory.
4) Called the father of communism.
5) Wrote Communist Manifesto
6) Theory of Dialectical Materialism
7) Economic Determinist

Front 4

Emile Durkheim (1858-1917)

Back 4

1) 1st goal that sociology recognized as a separate academic discipline.
2) 2nd goal of studying how individual behavior is shaped by social forces.
3) 3rd Goal was that social research would be practical.
4) Studied the social factors that underlie suicide.
5) Identified social integration.
6) Stressed social facts
7) Founder of Functionalism and for social reform.
8) Stressed social solidarity - mechanical and organic
9) Defined anomie
10) Studied sociology of religion

Front 5

Max Weber (1864-1920)

Back 5

1) One of the most influential of all sociologists.
2) Studied the rise of capitalism.
3) Believed that sociology should be value free.
4) Emphasized Verstehen or insight
5) Dealt with rationalization in society between religion and govt.
6) Essay - "the Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism"
7) Analyzed bureaucracy
8) Anti-positivist
9) Believed in subjective view.
10) Meaning underlies human interaction
11) Writings contributed toward symbolic interactionism but NOT founder.

Front 6

Harriet Martineau (1802)

Back 6

1) in 1837, she pub'd "Society in America."
2) Mainly known for translating Comte's work into English.
3) Advocate for the abolishment of slavery.
4) Feminist and methodologist.
5) Among the first to perform actual research.

Front 7

Jane Addams

Back 7

1) founded Hull House - for people to take refuge.
2) 1931 Cowinner of the Nobel Peace Prize. Only sociologist to receive this award.
3) Reformist

Front 8

WEB Du Bois

Back 8

1) first of Afr-Amer. to earn a doctorate at Harvard.
2) Wrote the "Philadelphia Negro" (1899) and "The Souls of Black Folks" that reviewed the race relations just following the civil war.
3) Founded the NAACP
4) Treated badly by whites.
5) Reformist

Front 9

George Mead

Back 9

1)Social Interactionist Founder
2)Believes that play is critical to the development of self.
3)Defined Significant other
4)Defined generalized other
5)Concluded that the human mind is a social product.

Front 10

Albion Small

Back 10

Pure sociologist
Published American Journal of Sociology

Front 11

Ernest Burgess

Back 11

Pure sociologist
Worked with Robert Park on concentric zone model of a city.

Front 12

Robert E. Park

Back 12

Pure sociologist
American urban sociologist
Theory of Assimilation of immigrants
Developed Concentric zone model of a city

Front 13

Talcott Parsons

Back 13

For Grand Theory
Structural functionalism
Contributed to social darwinism concept.

Front 14

Robert Merton (1910)

Back 14

Stressed Middle-Range Theories
Functionalist
Used terms manifest and latent functions and dysfunctions

Front 15

C Wright Mills (1916)

Back 15

1) Urged the return to social reform.
2) Wrote "The Power Elite"
3) Wrote "The Sociological Imagination"
4) Believed in combination of macro and micro analysis
5) Against grand theory of Parsons
6)Founder of Modern Symbolic Interactionism

Front 16

George Murdock

Back 16

Looked for universal values

Front 17

Edward Wilson

Back 17

Insect specialist
Believes in natural selection and human behavior connection

Front 18

Jacques Ellul

Back 18

Wrote The Technological Society

Front 19

Marshall McCluhand

Back 19

Coined term global village

Front 20

William Ogburn

Back 20

Coined term cultural lag

Front 21

Ralf Dahrendorf

Back 21

Sees conflict in all relations that have authority

Front 22

Lewis Coser

Back 22

Believes that conflict is especially likely to appear in closer relationships

Front 23

Paul Lazarsfeld and Jeffrey Preitz

Back 23

2 people that divide sociology into 3 phases.

Front 24

Robin Williams

Back 24

Identified the underlying core values shared by the many groups within the U.S.

Front 25

Joellen Shively

Back 25

1) Chippewa
2) Sociologist
3) Studied Native Americans and Westerns

Front 26

Peter Conrad

Back 26

Believes the homosexuality has a social cause.
Studied Xq28 gene.

Front 27

Jane Goodall

Back 27

Researched chimpanzees use of tools and other behavior in Tanzania.

Front 28

Allen and Beatrice Gardner

Back 28

Taught chimps sign language.

Front 29

Harry and Margaret Harlow

Back 29

Did artificial monkey mom experiment with baby monkeys.

Front 30

Charles Horton Cooley

Back 30

1) Symbolic Interactionist
2) Coined the term looking-glass self.

Front 31

Lev Vygotsky

Back 31

1) did research that supported George Mead's position regarding child play.
2)Agreed with Mead that thinking depends on language and our mind is a product of society.

Front 32

Jean Piaget

Back 32

1) Did experiments to prove that children go thru 4 stages of development.

Front 33

Sigmund Freud

Back 33

1)Founded psychoanalysis
2)Defined the id, the ego, and the superego.

Front 34

Colin Turnbull

Back 34

Studied the Ik in Uganda

Front 35

Skeels and Dye

Back 35

Studied an Iowa orphanage regarding stimulating social interaction and young children.

Front 36

Susan Goldberg and Michael Lewis

Back 36

Studied mothers interacting with their girls and boys in gender specific ways.

Front 37

Melissa Milke

Back 37

Studied a group of junior high school boys and their views on girls and women (derogatory)

Front 38

Patricia Adler, Steven Kless, and Peter Adler

Back 38

Documented how peer groups provide an enclave in which boys and girls resist the efforts of parents and schools to socialize them their way.

Front 39

Richard Rodriguez

Back 39

Wrote about Caught Between Two Worlds - immigrants who want to fit into society without losing their original culture.

Front 40

Michael Messner

Back 40

Studied the male values built into sports and that the meaning of sports success differs by social class.

Front 41

Erving Goffman

Back 41

1)Defined the total institution
2)Coined the term dramaturgy

Front 42

Douglas Massey:

Back 42

notes that Miami is becoming truly bilingual

Front 43

Edward Wilson:

Back 43

believed that natural selection produced human behavior

Front 44

Robert Edgerton:

Back 44

1)criticized aspects of cultural relativism
2)proposed quality of life scale

Front 45

Lawrence Kohlberg:

Back 45

studied the development of morality
6 Stages of Moral Development

Front 46

Carol Gilligan:

Back 46

studied gender differences in moral development

Front 47

Kenneth Keniston

Back 47

Introduced concept of young adulthood where one is neither psychological adolescent nor sociological adult