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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
anatomy
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study of the structure of the body
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physiology
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study of how the body functions
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gross anatomy
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study of structures that can be seen without a microcope
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regional approach
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study of all structures and their functons in a specific area of the body
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systemic anatomy
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study of structures and functions within specific body systems
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histology
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study of the microscopic structure and composition of tissues
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4 tissues types
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epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
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epithelial
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sheets of cells that cover all the internal and external surfaces of the body, lines body cavities
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3 shapes of epithelial tissues
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squamous, cuboidal, columnar
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simple epithelium
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single layer of cells
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stratified epithelium
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multiple layers of cells
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microvilli
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finger-like projections on cells
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cilia
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hairlike projections on cells
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glands
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epitheilal tissues that manufacture and secrete substanaces
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exocrine glands
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secrete their products into ducts
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endocrine glands
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secrete their products directly into the blood and lymph vessels
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connective tissue function
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functions to bind and support the organism and it sytems
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6 types of connective tissue
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cartilage, bone, fibrous, loose, adipose, blood
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membranes function
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cover surfaces, line cavities and separate organs
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membranes composed of
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linked epithelial and connective tissues
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4 types of membranes
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mucous, serous, curaneous, synovial
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mucous membranes
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line the orgnas of the reproductive, urinary and respiratory tract systems
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serous membranes
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line the organs within the thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities
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2 serous membrane layers
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visceral, parietal
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visceral layer
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serous membrane layer closest to the organ
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parietal layer
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serous membrane closest to the body cavity
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mesenteries
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supportive ligaments, secure organs to the body wall
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cutaneous membranes
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integument, skin
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synovial membranes
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line the joint cavities
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synovial membranes are composed of
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loose connective and adipose tissue
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synovial membranes produce
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synovial fluid
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muscle tissue
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specialized cells the can shorten to produce movement
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3 types of muscles tissue
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smooth, skeletal, cardiac
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smooth muscle
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compose the walls of the digestive tract, involuntary
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skeletal muscle
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ataches to bones, voluntary
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cardiac
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unique to the heart, involuntary
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nervous tissue
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specialized cells that conduct electrical impulses
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neuron
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cellular subunit of nervous tissue
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3 parts of a neuron
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cell body, axon, dendrites
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vasoconstriction
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blood vessels narrow, cause decrease in blood pressure
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vasodilation
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widening of the blood vessels
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granulation tissue
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composed of collagen fibers with many capillaries
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organs
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structures in the body made of different types of tissues
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organ systems
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collections of organs that perform a function for the body
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atoms join together to form
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molecules and compounds
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3 types of chemical bonds
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covalent, ionic, hydrogen
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ionic bonding
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atoms either donate or accept elections
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ions
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atoms that participate in an ionic bond
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cation
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ion with a poistive charge
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anion
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negatively charged ion
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salts
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ionic bonds between mineral compounds
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acids release
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hydrogen ions
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bases release
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hydroxyl ions
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covalent bonding
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atoms have an unpaired electron in theri outer shell
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nonpolar bond
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equal sharing of electrons between atoms
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polar covalent bond
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unequal sharing of electrons between atoms
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hydrophilic
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molecules that dissolve in water
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hydrophobic
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molecules that don't dissolve in water
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hydrocarbons
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carbon and hydrogen molecules
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inorganic compounds
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don't contain hydrocarbons
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organic compounds
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contain hydrocarbons
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4 types of organic compounds
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carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids
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carbohydrates
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used as energy and structural materials
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3 types of carbohydrates
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monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides
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monosaccharides
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simple sugars
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oligosacchrides
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simple sugars bonded together
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polysaccharides
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complex carbohydrates
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lipids
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fats , used for energy storage
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lipids composed of
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fatty acids attached o glycerol
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proteins form
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enzymes and hormones
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proteins control
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metabolic and biochemical reactions and processes in cells
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proteins composed of
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chains of amino acids joined by peptides bonds
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number of amino acids
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20
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DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
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control synthesis of proteins,
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enzymes
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proteins that act as catalysts to speed up a metabilic reacation
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