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75 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
anatomy
study of the structure of the body
physiology
study of how the body functions
gross anatomy
study of structures that can be seen without a microcope
regional approach
study of all structures and their functons in a specific area of the body
systemic anatomy
study of structures and functions within specific body systems
histology
study of the microscopic structure and composition of tissues
4 tissues types
epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
epithelial
sheets of cells that cover all the internal and external surfaces of the body, lines body cavities
3 shapes of epithelial tissues
squamous, cuboidal, columnar
simple epithelium
single layer of cells
stratified epithelium
multiple layers of cells
microvilli
finger-like projections on cells
cilia
hairlike projections on cells
glands
epitheilal tissues that manufacture and secrete substanaces
exocrine glands
secrete their products into ducts
endocrine glands
secrete their products directly into the blood and lymph vessels
connective tissue function
functions to bind and support the organism and it sytems
6 types of connective tissue
cartilage, bone, fibrous, loose, adipose, blood
membranes function
cover surfaces, line cavities and separate organs
membranes composed of
linked epithelial and connective tissues
4 types of membranes
mucous, serous, curaneous, synovial
mucous membranes
line the orgnas of the reproductive, urinary and respiratory tract systems
serous membranes
line the organs within the thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities
2 serous membrane layers
visceral, parietal
visceral layer
serous membrane layer closest to the organ
parietal layer
serous membrane closest to the body cavity
mesenteries
supportive ligaments, secure organs to the body wall
cutaneous membranes
integument, skin
synovial membranes
line the joint cavities
synovial membranes are composed of
loose connective and adipose tissue
synovial membranes produce
synovial fluid
muscle tissue
specialized cells the can shorten to produce movement
3 types of muscles tissue
smooth, skeletal, cardiac
smooth muscle
compose the walls of the digestive tract, involuntary
skeletal muscle
ataches to bones, voluntary
cardiac
unique to the heart, involuntary
nervous tissue
specialized cells that conduct electrical impulses
neuron
cellular subunit of nervous tissue
3 parts of a neuron
cell body, axon, dendrites
vasoconstriction
blood vessels narrow, cause decrease in blood pressure
vasodilation
widening of the blood vessels
granulation tissue
composed of collagen fibers with many capillaries
organs
structures in the body made of different types of tissues
organ systems
collections of organs that perform a function for the body
atoms join together to form
molecules and compounds
3 types of chemical bonds
covalent, ionic, hydrogen
ionic bonding
atoms either donate or accept elections
ions
atoms that participate in an ionic bond
cation
ion with a poistive charge
anion
negatively charged ion
salts
ionic bonds between mineral compounds
acids release
hydrogen ions
bases release
hydroxyl ions
covalent bonding
atoms have an unpaired electron in theri outer shell
nonpolar bond
equal sharing of electrons between atoms
polar covalent bond
unequal sharing of electrons between atoms
hydrophilic
molecules that dissolve in water
hydrophobic
molecules that don't dissolve in water
hydrocarbons
carbon and hydrogen molecules
inorganic compounds
don't contain hydrocarbons
organic compounds
contain hydrocarbons
4 types of organic compounds
carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids
carbohydrates
used as energy and structural materials
3 types of carbohydrates
monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides
monosaccharides
simple sugars
oligosacchrides
simple sugars bonded together
polysaccharides
complex carbohydrates
lipids
fats , used for energy storage
lipids composed of
fatty acids attached o glycerol
proteins form
enzymes and hormones
proteins control
metabolic and biochemical reactions and processes in cells
proteins composed of
chains of amino acids joined by peptides bonds
number of amino acids
20
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
control synthesis of proteins,
enzymes
proteins that act as catalysts to speed up a metabilic reacation