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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Impotence is AKA:
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Erectile Dysfunction
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Name etiology categories for impotence
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Psychogenic Neurogenic Hormonal imbalance Arterial Insuff/cardiovascular dz venous "leak" |
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What are 2 hormonal imbalances that lead to ED
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Low testosterone (Low T) Potassium deficiency |
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What are some psychogenic causes of impotence? |
thoughts/feelings anxiety stress |
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What are some neurogenic causes of ED?
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trauma to nerve herniated disc prostatectomy back surgery |
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What are 2 etiologies of impotence that sonographers can diagnose? |
arterial insufficiency/cardiovascular dz venous "leak" |
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Treatment for impotence depends on the ________. |
CAUSE |
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How can impotence be treated?
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Medication Prostaglandin tablets in urethra Penile injections Penile prosthesis Vascular reconstruction surgery |
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What percentage of all males experience some degree of ED at some point in their life? |
40%
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Impotence occurs most commonly with _____
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age |
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What are some medications that increase chances of impotence? |
Nicotine Antidepressants NSAIDS |
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What 2 systems must work together for an erection to occur? |
Peripheral nerves from spinal cord limbic system in the brain |
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What is the purpose of penile Doppler?
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To determine if impotence is vascular in origin |
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T or F: Only duplex and color flow provide info on arterial or venous flow rates and anatomic pathology |
True
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Name 2 non-imaging techniques for penile Doppler? |
Volume Plethysmography (PVR) Photoplethysmography (PPG) |
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What does PBI stand for?
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Penile/Brachial Index
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What is a normal PBI?
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0.7-1.0 |
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What is a marginal PBI?
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0.6 -0.7
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What is an abnormal PBI?
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< 0.6
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If PBI is less than 0.6 it is consistent with ______ impotence |
vasculogenic
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Penile cuffs should be inflated to ______mmHg during PVR |
60
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Describe an abnormal PVR waveform for Penile Doppler? |
Low amplitude and round contour
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Where are blood pressure cuffs placed during PBI testing? |
upper arms ankles proximal penis penis base |
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To find PBI, you must first calculate the ______ to see if resting is normal |
ABI |
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Before injection, the cavernous arteries are measured______ in transverse for _________ |
bilaterally diameter |
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Why is an injection given during penile duplex imaging? |
To induce erection
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PSV velocities are obtained ______ and _______ the injection |
before after |
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In order to calculate PBI, penile pressures must be obtained at ____ levels |
2
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Pre-injection, the cavernosal arteries are _____ resistant |
high
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What is the injection usually of in penile Doppler? |
Prostaglandins Papavarine |
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T or F: post - injection, flow will decrease in cavernosal arteries as resistance decreases |
False ( flow increases)
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It is normal for there to be erectile response within ____ min of injection |
10
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What are the time intervals for checking velocities post injection during penile duplex? |
5 10 15 and 20 minutes |
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When blood is filling in penis, resistance should be ______?
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low
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During erection, flow velocities go back to being _______ resistant |
high
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Normal PSV after injection in erectile state
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> or equal to 35cm/s |
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Reduce PSV after injection in erectile state
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< 25cm/s
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If PSV is normal but EDV is >6cm/s a ________ is suspected |
venous "leak"
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The diameter of the cavernosal arteries normally increases to _______ after injection
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75%
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After full erection is achieved, ______ velocities should ______ due to return to high resistant state |
diastolic decrease
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