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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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are the ureters intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?
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retroperiteoneal
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describe how the ureters enter the pelvis?
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cross over the pelvic brim
cross anterior to bifurcation of the common iliac arteries |
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how do the ureters enter the bladder
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obliquely, posteriorly, have long intramural passage
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what crosses the ureter in males in the pelvis?
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the ductus deferens
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what crosses the ureter in females?
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the uterine artery
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what is the arterial supply of the ureter?
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common iliac, internal iliac, ovarian arteries
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what is the lymphatic drainage of the ureter
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common and internal iliac nodes
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where is the empty bladder located?
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in the true pelvis
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what separates the bladder from the pubic bones ?
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the retropubic space
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what happens as the bladder fills?
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extends up into greater pelvis through extraperitoneal fascia as far as umbilicus
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what is the superior surface of the bladder level with?
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the pubic symphysis
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what is the apex of the bladder?
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poits fowards
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what is the fundus of the bladder`
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points posteriorly
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what is the neck of the bladder
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points downwards
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what forms the bladder bed?
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the pubic bones, the fascia covering levator ani
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what is betwen the fundus of the bladder and the rectum ?
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centrally: the rectovesical septum
laterally, the ampullae of the rectum and the seminal glands |
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what is the muscle called inside the bladder?
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the detrusor muscle
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what part of the bladder is covered by peritoneum?
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the superior surface
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describe the internal urethral sphincter
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only in males
convergence of fibres of detrusor muscle around interna urethral orifice |
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what is the trigone?
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triangular part of base of bladder formed by uretric and urethral orifices
anchors bladder, does not expand |
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what is the internal urethral orifice innervated by?
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sympathetic fibres
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how long is the male urethra?
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about 20cm long
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describe the intramural urethra?
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in the wall of the bladder
diameter and length varies with fullness of bladder |
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describe the prostatic urethra
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in prostate
has uretic crest with ejactulatory duct openings and prosatic utricle has prostatic sinuses |
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what are the prostatic sinuses?
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either side of the ureteric crest
prostatic ducts open into it |
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what is the urethral crest?
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median ridge of prostatic urethra
seminal colliculus is round eminence |
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what is the prostatic utricle
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embryological remnant of uterovaginal canal
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where do the urinary and reprouctive tracts merge in the male?
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where ejaculatory ducts open into urethra
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what is the arterial supply of the intramural and prostatic urethra?
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inferior vesicical artery
middle rectal artery |
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what is the venous drainage of the first two parts of the male urethra?
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to the vesicular and prostatic venous plexuses
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what glands are associated with the female urethra?
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urethral glands: particularly on superior part
paraurehtral gland, have common paraurethra duct which opens wither side of external urethral orifice |
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what structures does the female urethra pass thorugh?
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pelvic diaphragm
external urethral sphincter perineal membrane |
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whats the arterial supply of the female urethra?
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internal pudendal arteries
vaginal arteries |
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what level is the rectosigmoid juntion?
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S3
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describe what happens to the taenia coli at the rectosigmoidal junction?
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stop in rectum, here there is only continouou outer longtidudinal layer of smooth muscle
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what happens to omental appendages at rectosigmoidal juncton:
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stop in rectum
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describe flexures of rectum?
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rectosigmoidal- as passes over sacrum/coccyx
anorectal angle = 80 degrees 3 lateral flexures |
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describe lateral flexures of rectum?
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overly rectal folds
inferior and superior on left intermediate on right |
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how does the puborectalis muscle help with fecal continence
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supports anorectal angle
actively contracts during peristalsis to prevent defecation |
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what is the ampulla of rectum
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dilated terminal part
allows accumulation of fecal matter must be distendable |
