Pelvic Anatomy

Front 1

what two ligaments form the greater and lesser sciatic foramina?

Back 1

sacrotuberous ligament
sacrospinous ligament

Front 2

what is the true pelvis and what lies within the true pelvis?

Back 2

true pelvis is delineated by a plane passing thru the pubic crest and the sacral promontory

true pelvis includes the internal genitalia, part of the sigmoid, rectum, bladder, proximal urethra, pelvic portions of the ureters

Front 3

what separates the pelvic cavity into anterior & posterior components?

Back 3

broad ligament

Front 4

what is the course of the round ligament and what does it contain?

Back 4

goes from uterus-inguinal canal to insert on labia majora
- it contains the artery of Sampson

Front 5

what attaches the ovaries to the posterior leaf of the broad ligament?

Back 5

mesovarium- a small mesentary

Front 6

what is the median umbilical ligament a remnant of

Back 6

the urachus

Front 7

what muscles support the pelvic organs

Back 7

levator ani (iliococcygeus, puborectalis, pubococcygeus)

urogenital diaphragm

Front 8

what are the major pelvic spaces?

Back 8

paravesical- next to bladder & vagina
paravaginal
vesicovaginal- in front of vagina
**retropubic (prevesical) (Space of Retzis)- before bladder
pararectal- 2 spaces next to the rectum
rectovaginal space- between rectum and vagina
presacral- betweem rectum and sacrum

Front 9

what separates the space of retzius from the paravesical space?

Back 9

umbilical artery

Front 10

cardinal ligament
- what's its course?
- what does it contain?

Back 10

-constitutes posterior portion of broad ligament
- arises from lateral cervix and extends down the cervix across vaginal fornix to the rectal pillar to attach to lateral pelvic wall
- contains the uterine vessels as well as vaginal, inferior vesical, and middle rectal vessles
- posterior portion of the ligament contains a portion of the ANS to bladder & rectum

Front 11

what penetrates the upper portion of the cardinal ligament?

Back 11

ureter (just beneath the uterine artery)

Front 12

uterosacral ligament

Back 12

connects cervix to the rectal pillars

Front 13

where does the ureter enter the pelvis

Back 13

just proximal to the bifurcation of the common iliac artery

Front 14

the umbilical artery branches off of what vessel?

Back 14

internal iliac

Front 15

what arteries give branches to the ureter?

Back 15

renal
ovarian
inferior/superior vesical
aorta
hypogastric
uterine

Front 16

what is the bladder neck?

Back 16

junction between the urethra and bladder

Front 17

where does the bladder receive its blood supply?

Back 17

from the umbilical artery

Front 18

where does the vagina receive its blood supply?

Back 18

comes off the uterine artery (which comes of the anterior division of the hypogastric)

- can also arise from the internal pudendal artery

- lower vagina supplied by inferior rectal artery

Front 19

the common iliacs begin at what vertebral level?

Back 19

L4

Front 20

where does the bladder receive its blood supply?

Back 20

umbilical artery

Front 21

what attaches the vagina to the rectum posteriorly?

Back 21

rectal pillars

Front 22

the vagina has two blood supplies for the upper and lower part. what are they?

Back 22

upper vagina gets blood from divisions of the uterine/internal pudendal artery

lower vagina gets blood from inferior rectal artery

Front 23

what 3 things penetrate the levator ani muscle

Back 23

vagina
urethra
rectum

Front 24

what crosses near the bifurcation of the common illiacs?

Back 24

ureters

Front 25

what artery does the inferior epigastric branch from?

Back 25

external iliac artery

Front 26

what are the vessels of the POSTERIOR division of the internal iliac artery?

Back 26

iliolumbar
- this one branches into the iliac and lumbar branches. the iliac vessels feeds the iliacus muscle and th elumbar branch feeds the psoas major & quadratus lumborum

lateral sacrals (superior & inferior)
superior gluteal

Front 27

what are the vessels of the ANTERIOR division of the internal iliac artery?

Back 27

umbilical
uterine
vaginal (sometimes)
superior vesical
obturator
inferior vesical
middle rectal
internal pudendal
inferior gluteal

Front 28

where can you find the anterior division of the internal iliac

Back 28

in the cardinal ligament

Front 29

where do the ovarian, tubal, and uterine lymphatics drain to?

Back 29

aortic nodes

Front 30

where does the pudendal nerve arise from?

Back 30

S2-S4

Front 31

what is the course of the pudendal nerve?

Back 31

it passes out the greater sciatic foramen to the butt, around the ischial spine and back into the pelvis at the lesser sciatic foramen to enter the pudendal canal (canal of Alcock)

Front 32

what are the three major branches of the pudendal nerve?

Back 32

1. inferior rectal- supply anus & perianal skin
2. pernieal nerve- innervates muscles of the perineal spaces and labia minora.majore
3. dorsal nerve of the clitoris

Front 33

what are the boundaries of the femoral triangle?

Back 33

superior border= inguinal ligament
lateral border= sartorius muscle
medial border= adductor longus

Front 34

name the important things that pass under the inguinal ligmament

Back 34

lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
iliopsoas muscles
femoral nerve
femoral artery
femoral vein