Peds Test 3

Front 1

toddlers learn & do what?

Back 1

locomotion, language, bladder/bowel control, explore & manipulate the environment

Front 2

what explains the growth of a toddler?

Back 2

step like in nature (rather than linear), reflecting growth spurts and lags, with a "pot-bellied" appearance

Front 3

why pot-bellied look?

Back 3

bow leggedness; muscles are underdeveloped

Front 4

what is the normal height growth in toddlers?

Back 4

growth of about 3 inches per year

Front 5

average height at 2 years?

Back 5

34 inches

Front 6

When do toddlers reach about half of expected adult height?

Back 6

2 years old

Front 7

When does the toddler head circumference normally increase & how much?

Back 7

an inch between the age of 1 and 2

Front 8

birth how many cm?

Back 8

35cm

Front 9

how many cm at 3 months?

Back 9

40cm

Front 10

how many cm at 9 months?

Back 10

45cm

Front 11

how many cm at 3 years?

Back 11

50cm

Front 12

how many cm at 9 years?

Back 12

55cm

Front 13

when does the anterior fontanel close?

Back 13

around 18 months of age

Front 14

is it normal for a fontanel to pulsate?

Back 14

yes

Front 15

if a fontanel bulges...what does that mean? if sunken?

Back 15

IICP; dehydration

Front 16

Gross motor skills for 15 month?

Back 16

walks without help (usually since 13 months); creeps up stairs; can't throw ball w/o falling

Front 17

Fine motor skills for 15 months?

Back 17

build tower of two cubes

Front 18

Gross motor skill for 18 months?

Back 18

runs clumsily; falls often; walk upstairs with one hand held; pushes & pulls toys; jumps in place with both feet; throws ball w/o falling

Front 19

Fine motor skills for 18 months?

Back 19

builds tower of 3 or 4 cubes; turns pgs in book 2-3 at a time; release, prehension, and reach well developed

Front 20

Gross motor skill for 24 months?

Back 20

goes up and down stairs alone with 2 feet on each step; runs fairly well with wide stance, picks up stuff without falling

Front 21

Fine motor skills for 24 months?

Back 21

builds tower of 6 or 7 cubes; aligns 2 or more cubes like a train, turns pgs one at a time; turns doorknob, unscrews lids

Front 22

what is the average wgt gain for a 2 yr old?

Back 22

4-6 lbs

Front 23

what about dentition at 2 yrs old?

Back 23

primary dentition of 16 teeth

Front 24

what is the ability to envision situations from perspectives other than one's own?

Back 24

Egocentrism

Front 25

what is focusing on one aspect rather than considering all possible alternatives?

ex: child refuses to eat a food because its color even though the taste and smell are acceptable

Back 25

Centration

Front 26

what is attributing lifelike qualities to inanimate objects

Back 26

Animism

Front 27

What is the developmental task of a toddler?

Back 27

Autonomy vs shame & doubt

Front 28

what is autonomy?

Back 28

developing a greater sense of personal control, learning to control one’s body functions leads to a feeling of control and a sense of independence, gaining more control over food choices, toy preferences, and clothing selection

Front 29

what happens with shame & doubt?

Back 29

Children who successfully complete this stage feel secure and confident, while those who do not are left with a sense of inadequacy and self-doubt

Front 30

What is negativism?

What does it exert?

Back 30

when toddlers attempt to express their will, they act with negativism, the persistent negative response to requests. "NO or Me Do!"

-their independence

Front 31

What is typical with toddlers in their quest for autonomy?

Back 31

negativism and ritualism

Front 32

What has a toddler learned from Autonomy vs shame & doubt?

Back 32

Before coming here they have developed trust and is ready to give up dependence to assert his/her budding sense of control, independence, and autonomy

Front 33

when does gender identity or maleness/femaleness formed?

Back 33

by age 3

Front 34

what is a major task of the toddler period?

Back 34

differentiation of self from significant others, usually the mother

Front 35

The differentiation process consists of 2 phases: ________ & ________

Back 35

separation and individuation

Front 36

how can you provide security for a child how has separation anxiety?

Back 36

a security object; transitional object like a fave blanket or toy

Front 37

what is characteristic of a toddler regarding language?

Back 37

the ability to comprehend and understand speech is much greater than the number of words the child can say.

Front 38

how many words can a toddler from 12-18 months use?

and by age 2?

Back 38

4-6 words; approx 300!

Front 39

by what age can toddlers use simple sentences?

Back 39

by age 3

Front 40

what type of play do toddlers use?

Back 40

parallel play; push pull toys to enhance walking skills, short attention span causes the toddler to change toys often, ideas for toys include: play dough, blocks, housekeeping toys, containers, toy telephone, wooden puzzles, cloth books, simple musical instruments

Front 41

what type of ?'s do toddlers ask?

Back 41

ask many "what" questions

Front 42

what are some receptive language milestones in the toddler?

Back 42

points to 5 body parts, carries out 2 and some 3 item commands

Front 43

what are some signals included with toddler toilet training?

Back 43

walks well, able to communicate the urge to go, has awareness of a wet or soiled diaper, can hold urine for 2 hours, is interested in pleasing parents

Front 44

what can parent do to avoid temper tantrums?

Back 44

take behavioral cues to help limit activity that is frustrating & necessitates an activity change or do " friendly warnings"

Front 45

how should you discipline a toddler?

Back 45

with consistency, good timing, commitment, and age appropriate approach

Front 46

what are some suggestions with nutrition for a toddler?

Back 46

4 food groups in small portions, several times a day; vary time, texture, temperature; limit sweets and empty calories; avoid using food as a reward or punishment

Front 47

what is the age for preschooler?

Back 47

3-5 years

Front 48

what is the growth height in a preschooler?

Back 48

grows 2.5 to 3 inches per year

Front 49

what is the growth weight in a preschooler?

Back 49

gains 4-6 lbs per year

Front 50

Gross motor skills for a 3 yr old

Back 50

rides tricycle; jumps off bottom step; stands on one foot for a few seconds; goes up stairs using alternate feet; may still come down with both feet; broad jumps

Front 51

Fine motor skills for a 3 yr old

Back 51

build tower of 9 to 10 cubes; in drawing copies a circle, imitates a cross, names what is drawn

Front 52

Gross motor skills for a 4yr old

Back 52

skips and hops on one foot; throws ball overhead, walks down stairs using alternative footing

Front 53

Fine motor skills for a 4 yr old

Back 53

uses scissors successfully to cut out picture following outline; can lace shoes but may not be able to tie bow; in drawing, copies a square, traces a cross and diamond

Front 54

Gross motor skills at age 5

Back 54

skips and hops on alternate feet; throws and catches ball well; jumps rope; skates with good balance; walks backwards with heel to toe; balances on alternate feet with eyes closed

Front 55

Fine motor skills by age 5

Back 55

ties shoelaces; uses scissors, simple tools or pencil very well, copies a diamond and triangle

Front 56

what are the tasks of preschoolers?

Back 56

learn how to interact with other children, learns socially acceptable behavior, learns right from wrong and rewards and punishments, develops a conscience

Front 57

what kind of thinking do preschooler have?

Back 57

magical thinking: thoughts that are all-powerful and can cause events

Front 58

what is reasoning from the particular to the particular

ex: child refuses to eat a food because something previously eaten did not taste good

Back 58

transductive reasoning

Front 59

what type of play is seen with preschoolers?

Back 59

associative play

Front 60

what is associative play?

Back 60

group play in similar or identical activities

Front 61

Early Childhood (2 to 3 years)

Back 61

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

Front 62

Early Childhood (2 to 3 years)

Back 62

Children need to develop a sense of personal control over physical skills and a sense of independence. Success leads to feelings of autonomy, failure results in feelings of shame and doubt.

Front 63

Preschool (3 to 5 years)

Back 63

Initiative vs. Guilt

Front 64

Preschool (3 to 5 years)

Back 64

Children need to begin asserting control and power over the environment. Success in this stage leads to a sense of purpose. Children who try to exert too much power experience disapproval, resulting in a sense of guilt.

Front 65

School Age (6 to 11 years)

Back 65

Industry vs. Inferiority

Front 66

School Age (6 to 11 years)

Back 66

Children need to cope with new social and academic demands. Success leads to a sense of competence, while failure results in feelings of inferiority.

Front 67

Adolescence (12 to 18 years)

Back 67

Identity vs. Role Confusion

Front 68

Adolescence (12 to 18 years)

Back 68

Teens needs to develop a sense of self and personal identity. Success leads to an ability to stay true to yourself, while failure leads to role confusion and a weak sense of self.