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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How much do infants gain a month, the first 6 months?
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1.5 lbs or .7 Kg
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How much do infants gain a month, the second 6 months?
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.75 lbs or .3 Kg
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Birth weight should be doubled by------?
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6 months
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Birth weight triples by____?
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1 Year
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What is object permancence and at what age does object permancence develop?
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-It is the knowledge that an object still exists even if it is out of sight.
-7 Months |
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Object permancence must be present for the development of__________ and ____?
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-Separation Anxiety
-Stranger Anxiety |
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In Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development, how does Sensorimotor (birth to 2 yrs) learning proceed?
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Reflex to Repetitive Behavior to Imitative Behaviou (Patty cake) to Cause and Effect
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How much does an infant grow in length in the first 6 months?
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1 inch a month
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How much does an infant grow in length in the second 6 months?
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.5 inches a month
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By one year birth lenght increases by ____?
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50%- if 20 inches at birth they will be 30 inches at a year.
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What are the patterns of growth in infants?
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Simple to Complex
Cephalocaudal -head to toe in motor skills Proximodistal-from center to periphery |
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What are the physical indicators of 'failure to thrive"?
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-Weight less than 5th percentile or drop of 2 percentile groups
-Drop in growth curve -Delay in reaching milestones -Decreased muscle mass |
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Discuss organic failure to thrive
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-Physical factors affect ability to gain weight
-Includes congenital heart defects, GI disorders, endocrine disorders, metabolic or chromosomal disorders |
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Discuss non-organic failure to thrive
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-No evidence exists of physical factors that could cause poor growth
-Results from interactive pattern between caregivers and infant Factors can include poverty, maternal depression, poor bonding, poor support systems, irritable infant who is resistant to touch |
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What is the treatment for failure to thrive?
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-Hospitalization to rule out physical cause and monitor caloric intake
-Assess child for appropriate developmental behavior, avoidance of eye contact or resistance to touch, self stimulating behaviors Calorie count Formula may be boosted to 24 calories an ounce Teach parent healthy feeding behaviors and appropriate diet |
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Motor Development milestones of a one month old are_________?
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-Lifts head briefly
-Movements are random |
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Motor Development milestones of a three month old are_________?
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-Able to lift head and chest 90 degrees when prone
-Gets hand to mouth |
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Motor Development milestones of a 4-5 month old are_________?
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-Plays with feet
-Bears weight when held upright -Turns from abdomen to back -Can hold objects |
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Motor Development milestones of a 6-7 month old are_________?
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-Sits alone
-Rolls from back to abdomen -Transfers objects from one hand to another -Picks up objects with entire hand |
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Motor Development milestones of a 8-9 month old are_________?
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-Sits steadily without support
-Can crawl and pull up -Pincer grasp develops |
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What are the motor development milestones for a 10-12 month old?
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-Can stand alone
-Walks with one hand held -Can feed self -Pincher grasp complete by 12 months |
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What immunizations are given at birth?
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HBV 1 (Hepatitis B)
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What immunizations are given at 2 months?
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HBV 2
-HIB 2 (Haemophilus Influenzae) -DtaP 2 (Diptheria, Tetanus, Pertussis) -IPV 2 (inactivated Polio) -PCV 2 (Prevnar-S. pneumoccal -Rota 2 |
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What immunizations are given at 4 months?
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-HIB 2 (Haemophilus Influenzae)
-DtaP 2 (Diptheria, Tetanus, Pertussis) -IPV 2 (inactivated Polio) -PCV 2 (Prevnar-S. pneumoccal -Rota 2 |
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What immunizations are given at 6 months?
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-HIB 3 not needed if Comvax used earlier
-DtaP 3 (Diptheria, Tetanus, Pertussis) -HBV 3 -PCV 3 (Prevnar-S. pneumoccal -Rota 3 Influenza (repeat does in 1 mth) |
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What immunizations are given at 6-18 months?
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IPV 3
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What immunizations are given at 12-15 months?
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HIB 3 or 4
Varicella (Varivax/Chickenpox) MMR (Measles/Rubeola, Mumps, Rubella) HAV 1 (hepatitis A) |
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What immunizations are given at 12-18 months?
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Dtap 4
PCV 4 HAV 2 (at least 6 mths after 1st dose) |
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What immunizations are given at 4-6 years?
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DtaP 5
IPV 4 MMR 2 Varicella 2 |
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What immunizations are given at 10-11 years?
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DtaP booster (if not given at this age, give 1 catch-up dose up to 18 yrs)
MCV 4 (meningococcal conjugate) HPV (Gardasil, Cervarix) 3 doses, give 2nd and 3rd at 2 & 6 months after 1st, can give from 9 yrs to 26 yrs) |
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Infant stimulation- should include all areas, what are they?
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-Auditory- music, talking, singing
-Tactile- cuddling, different textures -Kinetic- rocking, swinging, bouncing -Visual- likes contrasts, human face, mobiles |
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How much sleep does a preschooler need?
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10-12 hrs
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What are the 5 stages of development and the ages?
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Infancy-Birth to 1 year
Toddler- 1 to 3 years Preschool- 3 to 5 years School Age 6-12 years Adolescent 11-21 years |
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What are an adolescent girls first signs of puberty?
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-Very first-Breast budding 9-11 years old
-Rapid growth in height (PHV) -Pubic Hair -Axillary hair -Menstruation -Sweat glands |
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What are an adolescent boys first signs of puberty?
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-first is testicular enlargement
-Pubic hair -testes, penis & scrotum enlarge -rapid increase in height -voice changes -Axillary hair -Ejaculation may occur-need to let me know about this so they won't be shocked |
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What is Gynecomastia common?
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Breast enlargement in adolescent boys. 2/3 of boys will get this and it will resolve on it's own.
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When dealing with skin problems you should teach parents to watch for what?
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Signs of infection- pus, redness, foul odor and streaking
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What are the types of bacterial skin infections?
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IMPETIGO, CELLULITIS, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, acne vulgaris
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What are the types of Viral skin disorders?
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WARTS, MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM, herpes zoster
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One form of IMPETIGO is the crusted form, describe it.
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-Crusted form
*Vesicles or pustules *Rupture into erosion *Honey colored crust *Bleeds when soaked off |
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One form of IMPETIGO is the Bullous form, describe it.
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Bullous form-
-Small vesicles become bullae -Serous fluid becomes pustular -Bullae rupture -Shiny lesion with scaly rim -Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome •Form of bullous type •Bacterial toxins cause blistering •Sheets of epidermis fall off •Treatment- systemic antibiotics |
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What are some facts about Impetigo?
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oEasily spread to others
TQoTeach good hand washing and not to share towels, etc oMildly pruritic TQ oSoak crusts with warm soapy cloths TID oTreatment Mild- topical antibiotics Severe or around mouth –oral antibiotics Extensive- IV antibiotics -Return to school or daycare after -24 hrs of tx Failure to respond may indicate community acquired MRSA oPost-strep acute glomerular nephritis can result |
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Briefly describe the structure and function of the skin.
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Largest organ, barrier when intact, temperature regulation, allows sensation of touch, provides insulation and contains fat.
Struction-Epidermis, Dermis and Subcutaneous |
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Discuss importance of relevant history and data collection when identifying cause of skin disorders.
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?
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Describe a Macule
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oFlat, non-palpable area of change in skin color
oLess than 1 cm across oExamples- freckle, scarlet fever rash, flat moles |
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Describe a Patch
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oLike macule but larger than 1 cm in diameter
oExamples- port wine stain, Mongolian spot |
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Describe a Papule
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oSolid elevation of epidermis Less than 1 cm across
oPalpable oExamples- warts, early varicella lesions, raised nevi |
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Describe a Nodule
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oSolid lesion
o5-1 cm (if larger- TUMOR) oCan be raised, level with or below skin oExamples- lipoma, warts, lymphoma |
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Describe a Plaque
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oElevated
oFlat top o>1 cm oFirm & rough oExamples - psoriasis, seborrheic & actinic keratoses |
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Describe a Vesicle
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oSuperficial fluid filled elevation
o< 1 cm across oPalpable oExamples - late varicella lesions, poison ivy, herpes simplex & zoster |
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Describe a Bulla
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oSimilar to vesicle
o> Than 1 cm oExamples- blisters, burn lesions |
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Describe a Pustule
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oSimilar to vesicle
oContains pustulent material oExamples – acne, impetigo, boils (furuncles) |
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Describe a Wheal
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oCircumscribed elevation of skin
oCaused by serum or fluid in the dermis layer oExamples – uticaria, insect bites, intradermal TB skin test |
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Explain general therapeutic measures commonly used for skin disorders.
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Burrows solution
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oAcetic acid- antibacterial & antifungal
oAluminum acetate- astringent, anti-inflammatory, decreases itching and stinging |
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What are the fungal types of skin disorders?
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candida albicans, histoplasmosis, tinea capitis, tinea corporis, tinea pedis and tinea cruris
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What are the parasitic skin disorders?
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scabies, head lice, Rocky Mountain Spotted fever and Lyme disease
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What the types of allergic skin reactions?
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poison ivy, diaper dermatitis, and eczema
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What are the common causes of burns in children?
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Under 3-Scalds
Over 3- Flame |
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Discuss major differences in burn mngt of children as compared to adults.
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Describe Therapeutic management of minor burns
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•CELLULITIS
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oInfection of –dermis and subcucaneous layers
oStaph aureus, Beta-strep oRed, swollen tender area follows injury or URI, sinusitis, OM or dental abscess oPossible streaking of lymph glands, fever, HA malaise oCBC, blood culture and culture oTreatment -Minor- oral antibiotics, can give im shot -Severe or affecting face or joint-IV antib. -Incision and drainage -Apply warmth oPCs - sepsis, meningitis, septic arthritis, osteomylitis or brain abscess |
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•HISTOPLASMOSIS
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oFungus found in – soil contains bird and bad droppings
Inhaled or enters skin through puncture oWidespread in Ohio and Miss. River valleys (TN, MS) oSkin test available oSymptoms TQUsually -respiratory Possible ulcerated skin lesions oAsymptomatic & benign vs. severe, disseminated disease TQSevere cases in –infants and immunosuppresed oTreatment Milder cases •Oral Ketoconazole (Nizoral) or itraconazole •Take 4-6 months Severe disease •IV Amphotericin-B- systemic antifungal •Significant side effects-toxic •Follow with up to year of itraconazole |
