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333 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is goat milk lacking?
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Decreased Folate, Decreased B12 and possible brucellosis
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Signs of Vit A deficiency in neonate
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Fontanelle fullness
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Signs of Vit E deficiency in neonate
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hemolytic anemia
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What is a Kasai procedure?
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Used for biliary atresia, anastomoses porta hepatis and small bowel to allow drainage of bile ducts.
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What are features of Edward's syndrome?
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Micrognathia, microcephaly, rockerbottom feet, overlapping fingers. VSD is common
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What is the most common heart defect in Downs?
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ASD, followe by endocardial cushing defect.
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What is the most common cause of congenital heart block?
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Lupus
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Child presents with abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, pale, and jaundiced, 2+ pedal edema
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Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
E.coli activates complement = cell lysis. Anemia+thrombocytopenia + renal insufficiency |
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What is the schedule for the polio vaccine?
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Three does of polio vaccine prior to 18 months then fourth booster at 4-5 years.
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What is Todd's paralysis?
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Postictal transient hemiplegia
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What is the most common heart defect in Downs?
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ASD, followe by endocardial cushing defect.
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What is the most common cause of congenital heart block?
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Lupus
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Child presents with abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, pale, and jaundiced, 2+ pedal edema
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Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
E.coli activates complement = cell lysis. Anemia+thrombocytopenia + renal insufficiency |
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What is the schedule for the polio vaccine?
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Three does of polio vaccine prior to 18 months then fourth booster at 4-5 years.
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What is Todd's paralysis?
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Postictal transient hemiplegia
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Painless rectal bleeding in a 2 year old, what study should you order?
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Order a technetium 99 to detect gastric tissue in a colon = Meckel's diverticulum
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Barking cough, + resp distress + less than three?
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Laryngotracheobronchitis =Croup = Parainfluenza virus.
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What are signs to differentiate eppiglottitis from Croup?
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Epiglottitis is more toxic, increased fevers, increased stridor, and excessive drooling.
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Who should be treated in someone diagnosed with pertussis and with what?
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All close household contacts should be treated for 14 days with a macrolide like erythromycin/azithromycin
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What is the most common causes of sepsis in a sickle cell patient?
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Pneumococci, because the spleen is not functioning
Signs are, fever, hypotension, altered mental status, increased WBC count, and bandemia |
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Pt presents with fever, toxicity, sandpaper like rash, strawberry tongue, what do they have?
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Scarlett fever caused by group A streptococci, produce a eryythogenic exotoxin
Treat with Penicillin V |
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What is the most common cause of bronchiolitis and what are the symptoms?
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RSV, wheezing associated with URI caused by RSV.
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What is erythema toxicum?
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It is a benign rash in infants from eosinophil influx.
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What are signs of low riboflavin levels?
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Cheilosis, glossitis, ocular problems
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What are the signs of B6 deficiency?
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Seizures, peripheral neuropathy, dermatitis, microcytic anemia.
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What is most likely diagnosis of newborn with scales in scalp?
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Seborrheic dermatitis
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What vitamin deficiency can phenytoin cause?
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Folate
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Describe chilblain and frostbite
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Chilblain = small ulcerated lesions on ears and fingers
Frostbite = frozen and destroyed |
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Lead poisoning treatment
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Levels need to be greater than 45,
dimercaprol + calcium + EDTA |
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What are side effects of the happy pill?
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Phenothiazine = extrapyramidal symptoms reversed with diphenhydramine
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What is used in the medical treatment of vWF
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Desmopressin, increases output of vWF
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What disease is indicated with a positive nitroblue + tetrazolium test
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Chronic Granulomatous Disease= difficulty forming oxygen radicals to kill pathogens, leads to formation of granulomas in many organs. Lots of abcesses
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What is a likely diagnosis of a person with eczema + thrombocytopenia
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Wiskott-aldrich
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Signs of tricyclic antidepressant overdose
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Widening of QRS, Fab fragments are adminstered
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Names 6 signs of Rheumatic fever
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Carditis, Arthritis, Erythema marginatum, Chorea, Subcutaneous nodules
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Sound of ASD
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Fixed splitting of second heartsound
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Sound of VSD
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Harshblowing holosystolic murmur
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Sound of tricuspid regurg
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middiastolic rumble
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Name four major signs of kawasaki
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Prolonged rash, epidermal peeling on hands and feet, conjunctivitis, lymphadenopathy.
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Sound of mitral prolapse
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apical murmur in late systole preceded by a click.
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Most common causes of myocarditis
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Coxsackie B
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Quadruple rhythm + tricuspid regurg + middiastolic murmur at lower left sternum
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Ebstein's anomaly
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Symptoms of JRA
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spindle shape swelling, spiking fever, diffuse rash.
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Hypoplastic right ventricle + left axis deviation and LVH
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Tricuspid atresia
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Early cyanosis + normal sized heart + ECG right axis deviation + RVH (egg on a string sign)
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Transposition of great vessels
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Male with shield chest, cryptochoridism + pulmonic stenosis
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Noonan
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Long QT syndrome is assoiciated with what other congenital anomaly
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deafness
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What heart sound is abnormal in adults but is normal in children?
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S3
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A Child has recurring hemoptysis that rapidly improves, what will you find in a bronchoalveolar lavage, and what is the diagnosis?
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Will find hemosiderin macrophages, diagnosis is Idiopathic pulmonary sclerosis
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What pathogen is found in child with dogs who eats dirt?
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Toxacara caris
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What do you treat mycoplasma pneumonia with?
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A macrolide such as erythromycin/azithromycin
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Most common cause of lung abscess?
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S. aureus, S. pneumonia, S. pyogenes
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Risperidone can causes what side effects?
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weight gain and hyperprolactinemia, amenorrhea, and galactorrhea. Because it is a dopamine and serotonin antagonist.
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What is a common cause of steven-johnson syndrome
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lamotrigine
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What medication increases fetal hemoglobin? Possible side effects?
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Hydroxyurea, may cause leukopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia
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What can be damaged if a child falls on a stick in mouth
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Carotid artery dissection
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What is the first step in treatment of a diaphramatic hernia?
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place orogastric tube to prevent bowel distention= preventing further lung compression
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How many words should a child know at 18 months? and at 24?
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18 months= 5-20
24 months = 150-300 words + short sentences |
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What is the name of a diseases that causes self mutilation, mental retardation, hyperuricemia,
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Lesch-Nyhan syndrome = hyperuricemia
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Most common tumor type in children
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Astrocytoma
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Second most common type of tumor in children
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medulloblastoma
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A child arches his back and tilts head what is the diagnosis and what test is used to confirm it?
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GERD
24 hour pH monitoring is gold standard |
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Chorioretinitis + hydrocephalus + intracranial calcifications
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Congenital toxoplasma
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Congenital rubella presents as what
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Deafness, cataracts, cardiac defects
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What is a subperiosteal hemorrhage that presents a few hours after birth, scalp swelling limited to one cranial bone?
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Cephalohematoma
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Diffuse, ecchymotic, selling of scalp. Part of head that presented
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Caput succedaneum
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Irritability, vomiting, red currant jelly stools and abdominal mass
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Intussusception
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Child with jaundice, large tongue, hoarse cry, decreased activity
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Hypothyroidism, the most common cause is thyroid dysgenesis
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How is aspergers different from autism
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normal language development
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What is the most common cause of diarrhea in children between 6 months and 2 years?
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Rotavirus
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What disease is characterized by precocious puberty, pigmentation (cafe au lait spots), polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
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Mccune Albright
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Infant just born with drooling and gastric distention
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TracheoEsophageal Fistula
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What is a sail sign in children chest x-ray
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large thymic shadow which is normal in children less than 2 years old
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What is the defect and inheritance of osteogenesis imperfecta II
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autosomal dominant, type 1 collagen defect
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Most likely diagnosis of coughing spells after URI
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Pertussis, last two to ten weeks.
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What is the treatment for recurrent enuresis?
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Desmopressin
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Treatment for septic arthritis after URI?
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IV nafcillin or refazolin + arthocentesis also.
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Child with normal t-cells and very low b-cells (CD19). Normal child until 6-9 months. Low IgG, IgA, IgM, and IgE
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Bruton's x-linked agammaglobinemia
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AR degeneration of of anterior horn cells and cranial nerve motor nucleus = floppy baby syndrome.
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werdnig hoffman syndrome
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flat rash seen over glabella, eyelids and neck
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salmon patch
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How to treat an acute episode of sickle cell.
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Hydrate + opiods, then hydroxyurea
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How does HUS injure the kidney?
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Injures enothelial cells of kidney
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Sinusitis treatment
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40-50 mg/kg/day of amoxicillin
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What is dactylitis
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vasoocclusive disease in sickle cell anemia
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What is a necessary lab test for children with enuresis
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Perform urinalysis
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When should a child's weight double?
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5 months
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When should the weight triple?
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1 year
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Height increases by 50% in how long?
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one year
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Hey doubles in how long?
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4 years
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Height triples in how long?
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13 years
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What should make you suspicious for RTA?
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Normal anion gap, metabolic acidosis, decreased ability to resorb bicarb and excrete hydrogen
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Type 1 RTA?
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Defect in secreting hydrogen, acidotic, hypokalemic, Increased urinary pH. Presents with nephrolithiasis
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Type 2 RTA?
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Decreased bicarb reabsorption, fanconi syndrome in proximal tubule.
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Type 4 RTA
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Na/K exchange in distal tubule, Increased hyperkalemic, hypercholoremic acidosis, obstructive uropathy
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In Chronic granulomaous disease what does not work? What type of organisms are you more susceptible to and what should you treat it with?
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The NADPH oxidase is inactivated. Susceptible to catalase expressing organisms like staph. Neutrophils filled with bacteria is classic on a gram stain.
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In DiGeorge what are you more susceptible to?
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T cell dysfunction fungal and viral disease
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What are CBC findings in iron deficiency anemia?
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microcytic anemia, with increased RDW, and decreased reticulocyte count
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What are the 4 major differentials for microcytic anemias?
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TICS
Thalassemia Iron deficiency Chronic Disease Sideroblastic anemia |
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What happens to TIBC in iron deficiency anemia?
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Increases because tranferrin is not saturated
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How to treat clubfoot?
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Start immediately, stretching followed by serial casting.
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Signs of Tetrology of Fallot
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Tet spells, pansystolic murmur from the VSD.
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Signs of Reye Syndrome
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Vomiting, agitation, irrational behavior, lethargy, stupor
Increased ammonia, AST, ALT, biopsy of liver kidney and brain shows microvesicular steatosis |
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What should you be worried about with a new born with new onset jaundice after day 3 and within the first week.
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sepsis
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What should you do if you obtain a high iron level on a capillary blood specimen
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Confirm with serum(venous blood) sample because there is a hight false positive rate.
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What should a child be able to copy a cross and a circle? Square and rectangle, triangle, diamond?
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Cross and circle = 3 years old
Square and rectangle = 4 Triangle = 5 Diamond = 6 |
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Rheumatic fever is a complication of what?
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Streptococcal pharyngitis
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At what age are the frontal sinuses developed?
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9-10
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What is the most common predisposing factor for acute bacterial sinusitis?
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URI
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What are the genetics behind friedrich ataxia
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AR; excessive trinucleotide repeat
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What is differential for t-wave inversion
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Myocarditis, infarction, old pericarditis, myocardial contusion
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Abdominal mass in the 1st year of life with fever, hepatomegaly and crosses midline
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Neuroblastoma
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Most sensitive diagnostic characteristic of otitis media
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ear drum is immobile
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Solitary, lytic, longbone lesions, and hypercalcemia
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langerhans histiocytosis
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What eye disorders should children be screened for and by age?
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Screen by age 5 for strabismus, amblyopia, and refractive errors.
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When does stranger anxiety peak?
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starts at 9 months, peaks at 12-15 months.
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Infant in first two weeks of life presents with poor suckling reflex, fatigue, rigidity, spasms, opisthotamus.
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Neonatal tetanus
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What is the best med for staph, strep and MRSA?
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dicloxaxillin
don't use penicillin or amoxicillin with staph cuz of beta lactamases |
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Possible long term sequels of meningitis
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Hearing loss
Loss of cognitive function seizures mental retard spasticity |
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Three most important signs of hemoyltic uremic syndrome
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thrombocytopenia+ microangiopathic hemolytic anemia + ARF
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Thrombocytopenia + hemolytic anemia + neuro disorders + renal dysfunction + Fever
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TTP
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Hemophilia has a rise in which coagulation parameter?
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PTT
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Physiologic jaundice begins when? Direct or Indirect bili?
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2nd or 3rd day, increase in indirect bili
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Treatment for ICP in meningitis
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Start 3rd gen cephalosporin + CT + lumbar puncture
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Most common organisms found in a chronic sinus infection
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staph + anaerobes
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Most common causes of acute bacterial sinusitis
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Strep pneumo 30%
Haemophilus influenza 20% Moraxella cattarrhals 20 % |
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What newborns are at risk for polycythemia?
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Small for gestational age, because of hypoxia in utero
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What are the criteria for colic
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Presents by three weeks, = excessive crying for more than three hours a day more than three days a week.
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What should you worry about with headaches + focal neuro symptoms after otitis media
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Brain abcess, a ring enhancing lesion seen on CT.
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What are turners patients with 46 XY at increased risk for?
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Gonadoblastoma, perform a prophylactic bilateral gonadectomy
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Myotonic muscular dystrophy
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Autosomal dominant delayed muscle relaxatio.
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What is congenital flaccid larynx called and what is the treatment
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Laryngomalacia, dont feed baby while laying down, goes away by 18 months.
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What is the most common cause of cerebral palsy?
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Cerebral anoxia
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What qualifies as an innocent murmur in children?
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Systolic ejection less than II/VI and varies with position
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What is diagnostic of ALL?
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Lymphoblasts >25%. Hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy
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What is the most common cause of acute exacerbation of CF and the treatment?
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Probably pseudomonas treat with 3rd gen ceph, ceftazidine, + aminoglycoside like gentamicin.
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What is the most common cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage in children?
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AVM, history of seizures and headaches.
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In children under 9 with lymes disease how do u treat them.
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If u see the typical erythema migrans rash treat them with amoxicillin for 21 days, if they are over 9 you can use doxycycline.
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Severe dehydration + low sodium + high potassium + low glucose + metabolic acidosis
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CAH + Saltwasting + 21 hydroxylase deficiency
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What vitamin should you give people with measles
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Vit A
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What should you vaccinate people with sickle cell disease against
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Strep Pneumo, HaeM Influenza, Neisseria, all which are encapsulated
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Name 5 criteria for kawasaki and the treatment
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fever > 5 days
Bulbar conjunctivitis Desquamation of finger tips Erythema, fissuring of lips lymphadenopathy treat with IVIG and Aspirin |
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Difference in presentation between scarlett fever and kawasaki?
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Positive strep test, and normal lips. Treat with penicillin v for 10 days.
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When does gonoccal conjunctivitis present?
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Between the second and fifth day after birth.
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When does chlamydial conjunctivitis present?
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Most common, takes over a week and can cause pneumonia also.
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What age would expect a baby to be that throws objects and comes when called.
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12 months.
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What are common features of leukocyte adhesion defect?
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Delayed separation of umbilical cord, recurrent infections, necrotic periodontal infections
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Opalescent teeth, hearing loss, and joint hypermobility
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Osteogenesis Imperfecta
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Knee pain, traction apophysitis, fragmentation of tibial tuberocity.
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Osgood-Schlatter
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What do you do if you get a seizure from Dtap
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Give DTa just no pertussis because that is normally the cause of seizures
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Kid with multiple hemarthroses , low factor VIII
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hemophilia A
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Bluish white buccal lesions in mouth, fever, rash that starts on head
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Measles/Rubeola
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Recurrent sinopulmonary infections, GI infections, anaphylaxis to transfusions
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IgA deficiency
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Displaced anterior fat pad on radiographs is a sign of ...
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supracondylar fracture, may be complicated by volkmann's ischemic contracture
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What is most common symptom of sickle cell trait and what percent of hemoglobin is HbS
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Presents with hematuria, generally 35-40%%
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Most common viral meningitis
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Echovirus, coxsackie virus, enterovirus
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A newborn presents with the following findings, macrosomia, macroglossia (enlarged tongue), omphalocele, hypoglycemia, hyperinsulinemia.
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Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome
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What do premature infants need a supplement of and when do they need it?
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Iron at 8 weeks.
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What puts you at risk for brain abcess and what are signs of brain abcess?
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Right - Left congenital heart shunt , Brain abscess = fever, headache, neurochanges, seizures, spasticity
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What is the cause of turner's lymphedema?
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because of abnormal lymphatic development
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Hyaline membrane disease
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reticular granularity of lung parenchyma
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Palpable purpura, scrotal swelling, hematuria, ab pain, and susceptible to intussception
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HSP
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Dysfunction of NADPH, phagocytic dysfunction, susceptible to S. aureus, Serratia marcens, Klebsiella, aspergillus
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CGD
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Evanescent rash, red halos, eosinphils in skin lesions
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erythema toxicum
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What overdose presents with seizure, hypotension, prolonged QRS on EKG?
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Tricyclic overdose
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What is the treatment for tricyclic overdose?
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Sodium bicarb
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What is nursemaid's elbow (presents with arm in pronated position and refuses to supinate arm)
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radial head subluxation, when an infant is lifted or pulled by hand or arm
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IgA mediated vasculitis, rash and arthalgias
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HSP
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What is the pathology seen in minimal change disease?
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Podocyte fusion on electron microscopy
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Marfan +mental retardation + thromboembolic + downward dislocation of lens
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homocystinuria, treat with high doses of B6
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What are the proteins in breast milk?
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70% whey (easily digested) 30 % casein (more improved gastric emptying)
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Most common cause of UTI in infants?
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Vesicouretal reflux causes renal scarring
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Microcephaly, hypotonia, short stature, odd cry. What is this and what chromosome?
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Cri-du-chat - 5p deletion
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What is the name for vesicopustules that rupture and turn golden-yellow and how do you treat?
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Impetigo = treat with topical mupiroch or oral erythromycin
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What are the congenital malformations in rubella?
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neuronal deafness, PDA, cataracts
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Where does Wilm's tumor arise from?
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metanephros, you can still palpate the kidneys
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Pneumatosis intestinalis
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diagnostic of NEC
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Signs of wolf parkinson-white
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Shortened PR intervals, delta waves, widening of QRS
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Scoliosis + hammertoes, degeneration of spinal tracts, spinocerebellar posterior columns, pyramidal tract
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Friedrich Ataxia, AR, die of cardiomyopathy around 20
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Most common cause of otitis media
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Strep pneumo 40%
Non-typable Haemophilus Influenza (25%) Moraxella (10-15%) |
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First treatment for severe croup
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racemic epinephrine before intubation
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Atlanto-axial instability should be suspected in any patient with ....
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Down syndrome that has upper motor neuron findings
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Describe course of rubeola
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Low grade fever, lymphadenopathy (suboccipital and posterior auricular), rash begins on face and spreads to body.
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Roseola
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HSV6 high grade fevers begins on drunk, spreads peripherally
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Fifths disease caused by?
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Parvovirus = slapped cheek syndrome
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What is the guthrie test used for?
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qualitative test that can detect the presence of metabolic products of phenylalanine in urine
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Pt presents with neurologic symptoms, photosensitivity, and hyperpigmentation what do you suspect and what test will you use.
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Porphyrias check for aminolevulinic acid and porphobilinogen
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Pt 3 months old presents with hypoglycemia, lactic acidosis, hyperuricemia, hyperlipidemia, doll like face, (fat cheeks) thin limbs
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Von gierke's disease, glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency
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What vitamin toxicity fits the following? anorexia, bulging fontanelle, hyperirritability and vomiting
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vit A
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What are symptoms of congenital syphillis?
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hepatosplenomegaly, cutaneus lesions, jaundice, anemia and rinorrhea
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Growth retardation, hepatosplenomagaly, microcephaly, chorioretinitis, preventricular calcifications
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CMV
Toxo = hydroceph, chorioretinitis incranial calcif |
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What to do if patient has septic arthritis?
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surgical emergency can lead to avascular necrosis
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Howel jowel bodies
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found in asplenia
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Children with parental history of cholesterol >240 should get what?
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Cholesterol levels
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What is gastrochisis and how is treated?
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No sac around intestines- first wrap in sterile saline dressing and plastic wrap to minimize heat and fluid loss
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What vitamin deficiency is described by sore throat, hyperemic edematous oropharnyx and mucous membranes, cheilosis, stomatitis, glossitis, seborrheic dermatitis, photophobia
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Riboflavin deficiency
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Esodeviation
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medial deviation of the eye most common type of strabismus
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What does positive osmotic fragility test indicate
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spherocytosis
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FTT due to fat and protein malabsorption from a pancreatic insufficiency
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CF
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Acoustic sign of pulmonary hypertension
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Loud P2, can be from left to right shunt.
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What are the risks of supracondylar fractures?
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Brachial artery can be compromised, loss of radial artery pulse must check for it.
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Cavernous hemangioma along trigeminal distribution and intracranial calcifications
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Sturge-Weber neurocutaenous syndrome
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What age should a child begin to have separation anxiety and babbles and says mama and dada
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9 months
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People around bats should be prophylaxed for what
|
rabies because you cannot tell if you get bit
Small rodents do no transmit the virus |
|
|
Child with backpain and neuro dysfunction and a palpable step off
|
Spondylolithesis
|
|
|
Amoxicillin causes a rash when given to patients with ....
|
EBV
|
|
|
Erythematous vesicles distributed over extensor surface of knees
|
dermatitis herpetiformis
|
|
|
Waterhouse Friedrichson syndrome
|
infant with meningococcemia can get vasomotor collapse and skin rash due to adrenal hemorrhage
|
|
|
Reduced mortality in measles is associated with what vitamin
|
Vitamin A
|
|
|
Irritability, high pitched cry, poor sleeping, tremors, seizures, sweating, sneezing, tachypnea, poor feeding
|
= withdrawal from heroine
|
|
|
Nail and digit hypoplasia + dysmorphic facies, mental retardation
|
Fetal hydantoin syndrome caused by phenytoin
|
|
|
What to do if no IV access in emergent case in infant
|
intraosseous access
|
|
|
Short palpebral fissure, epicanthal folds, long philantrum, thin upper lip
|
fetal alcohol
|
|
|
FTT, bilateral cataracts, jaundice, hypoglycemia, hepatosplenomegaly, what is it and what enzyme
|
Galactosemia = galactose-1phosphate uridyl transferase deficiency
|
|
|
Neonate with bloody diarrhea, eosinophils in stool, positive family history of atopy
|
Milk protein intolerance
|
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|
Neonate with hand and arm paralysis and ipsilateral horners syndrome
|
Klumpke's palsy, injures seventh and eighth cervical nerves + first thoracic nerve.
|
|
|
Criteria for rheumatic fever
|
Low grade fever + pericarditis + arthritis + Chorea + subq nodules + erythema marginatum
|
|
|
What do you need to monitor early on in Digeorge
|
Ca
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|
|
Contraindications to breastfeeding are
|
Drug abuse, TB, HIV
|
|
|
How does polycythemia present in newborns
|
ARDS, poor feeding, neuro manisfestations
|
|
|
What to use with foreign body in trachea
|
Rigid bronchoscope so it can be removed
|
|
|
What additional symptoms does homocystinuria have other than marfans
|
fair complexion, thromboembolic events, osteoporosis, lens dislocated downward.
|
|
|
Thrombocytopenia + eczema + recurrent bacterial infections
|
Wiskott -Aldrich wihch is x linked
Increased risk of strep pneumo, neisseria menigiditis, haemophilus |
|
|
When to treat pyloric stenosis
|
Only perform surgery once the patient is stabilized hydrated and has appropriate electrolytes
|
|
|
Premature adrenarche = underarm hair
|
No worries it is from adrenal gland, if excess pubic hair about cns
|
|
|
Congenital heart + left axis deviation + cyanosis
|
Tricuspid atresia
|
|
|
How to treat spasms in tuberous sclerosis
|
ACTH
|
|
|
Kids with diabetes insipidus have what brain tumor
|
craniopharyngeoma
|
|
|
Gram positive diplococci
|
step pneumo
|
|
|
Gram positive cocci in clusters
|
staphlococcus
|
|
|
Gram negative cocci
|
Neisseria
|
|
|
Gram positive rods
|
listeria and bacillus
|
|
|
Gram negative rods
|
Pseudo, Haemophilus, Klebsiella, Legionella
|
|
|
Where is medulloblastoma
|
Vermis of cerebellum
|
|
|
What is cows milk low in?
|
Iron don't start till 1
|
|
|
What are lupus specific antibodies
|
Antismith and Antidouble stranded DNA
|
|
|
Eyelid trauma, swelling, tenderness, erythema, discoloration
|
Preseptal cellulitis
|
|
|
Macrocytic pure red aplaisa, associated with short stature, webbed neck, shielded chest, triphangeal thumbs
|
Diamond-blackfan syndrome
|
|
|
Pancytopenia + macrocytosis
Age of 8 Cafe au lait spots microcephaly short stature horseshoe kidney |
fanconi's anemia = AR
|
|
|
When do premature infants get vaccines
|
According to chronologic age need to be 2kg for Hep B
|
|
|
Genetic condition of CF
|
Deletion of CFTR
|
|
|
Cherry red macula
Protruding abodomen Hepatosplenomegaly Lymphadenopathy regression of milestones |
Loss of sphingomyelinase - Niemann Pick
|
|
|
Difference between tay sachs and niemann picks
|
Tay sachs has no hepatosplenomegaly
|
|
|
Hyperextensible skin + easy bruising + mitral valve prolapse
|
Ehler danlos
|
|
|
Hemoptysis + kidney failure, biopsy shows antibodies to glomerular basement membrane
|
Goodpasture's
|
|
|
Phimosis early on, what should you do?
|
Foreskin loosens in first three years of life, there may be a cheese like material discharge
|
|
|
Why do female infants sometimes have a discharge from the vagina?
|
Due to estrogen withdrawal
|
|
|
What vitamin is cow's milk deficient in?
|
Iron
|
|
|
Lax wrinkled abdominal wall, dilated urinary tract, intraabdominal testes, oligohydraminos + pulm hypoplasia
|
Prune belly syndrome
|
|
|
What level is considered hypertension in children and what are the symptoms?
|
135/90 they generally have headaches
|
|
|
What number of bacteria are needed to diagnose UTI?
|
Suprapubic tap = > 0
Cath > greater than 10^3 or 10^4 Clean catch w/ symptoms 10^4 Clean catch w/o symptoms 10^5 |
|
|
Torsion or epidymytis is relieved upon elevation of testes?
|
Epidimyetis
|
|
|
Testicles feel like bag of worms, what is this? Why does it feel this way?
|
Varicocele caused by dilation of pampniform plexus
|
|
|
what is a hydrocele?
|
Accumulation of fluid in tunica vaginalis, small ones resolve on their own.
|
|
|
What is the most common hereditary nephritis?
|
Alport's = leads to deafness, X-linked dominant.
|
|
|
Presents like GERD but not helped by PPIs, intestinal biopsy shows eosinophils or IGE
|
Eosinophilic esophagitis, normally a history of peanut allergies or eczema.
|
|
|
Baby is born with difficulty defacating, no stool is found in rectum and anal sphincter tone is abnormal. What studies should be performed
|
Most likely Hirschsprung's disease, order barium enema and rectal manography
|
|
|
What antibody can be found in ulcerative colitis and what is the most serious consequence?
|
p-ANCA and most common consequence is toxic megacolon
|
|
|
Nocturnal ab pain + GI bleeding + positive family history
|
Peptic ulcer disease
|
|
|
Nonbilious vomitting for 10+ days in a child who does not look ill
|
Pyloric stenosis perform pyloromyotomy
|
|
|
When to treat GERD?
|
when there are problems from it other than regurgitation
|
|
|
Intermittant collicky pain, passage of stool with blood what test is diagnostic?
|
Air barium enema
|
|
|
Moribund state is characteristic of a loss of ....
|
greater than 10% of body weight
|
|
|
What electrolyte abnormality is associated with doughy skin?
|
Hypernatremia
|
|
|
Which teeth are the first to erupt?
|
Mandibular central incisors
|
|
|
Where can bottles cause tooth decay?
|
Maxillary central incisors
|
|
|
When should charcoal not be used for overdose?
|
alcohols, acids, ferrous sulfate, strong bases, cyanide, lithium, potassium. Drain cleaner
|
|
|
Infant with bloody stool what test should you run?
|
Apt test, to differentiate maternal and fetal blood
|
|
|
Tachycardia+ arrythmia + tachypnea + cyanosis + myoglobinuria + elevated creatine kinase and ARF
|
Malignant hyperthermia
|
|
|
Autoimmune demylinating disease in children under 10?
|
acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
|
|
|
Syndromes associated with craniosynostosis
|
Crouzon and Apert
|
|
|
What AR metabolic disease can causes hemiplegia due to vascular infarcts?
|
Homocystinuria
|
|
|
If a hemiplegia and eyes look away from paralyzed side what is the diagnosis?
|
Acute infantile hemiplegia, acute thrombo occlusion of MCA
|
|
|
Elevated creatine kinase, psychomotor retardation, distal muscle wasting, cataracts
|
myotonic muscular dystrophy
|
|
|
A meningitis that has the lowest blood glucose levels in CSF and exudates in basal cisterns
|
TB meningitis
|
|
|
Cranial nerve abnormality, unsteady gate + spasticity
|
Pontine glioma
|
|
|
Compression of CN III causes what
|
Pupillary dilation
|
|
|
Poor growth, diabetes insipidus, papilledema
|
Craniopharygeoma
|
|
|
infantile spasms, calcified tubers
|
tuberous sclerosis, also has ash leaf spots and autosomal dominant
|
|
|
What is PHACE syndrome
|
Posterior fossa malformations, Hemangiomas, Arterial anomalies, Coarctation of the Aorta, Eye abnormalities
|
|
|
What is Werdig Hoffman?
|
spinal muscle atrophy type 1 degeneration or anterior horn cells in spinal cord.
|
|
|
Fever + neck pain + headache + malaise + back of mandible full
|
Mumps
|
|
|
What is the prophylaxis for pneumocystis in possible HIV positive children
|
trimethoprim sulfamethoxide - bactrim
|
|
|
Increased liver enzymes, increased ammonia, seizures, coma, hyperventillating, decorticate posturing death from cerebral edema
|
Reye syndrome
|
|
|
Emesis + diarrhea + seizures
|
Shigellosis
|
|
|
How to diagnose tinea capitis
|
KOH prep
|
|
|
What can cause an aplastic crisis in sickle cell
|
parvo B19
|
|
|
Most common zoonotic infection
|
Leptospirosis, commonly subacute, exposure to livestock
|
|
|
What are the criteria for mono?
|
1. diffuse adenopathy, tonisillar enlargement, enlarged spleen, small hemorrhages on soft palate periorbital swelling 2. predominantly lymphocytes 3. heterophil antibodies
|
|
|
Abrupt fevers, localized bone tenderness
|
osteomyelitis
|
|
|
Infant with increased fever and left shift =
|
pneumococcal bacteremia
|
|
|
Infection of nasolacrimal sac and what is the treatment
|
dactrocystitis treat with warm water and massage
|
|
|
Maculopapular rash on flexor surfaces or wrists and ankles before moving centrally and what is the treatment
|
Rocky mountain spotted fever
Treat with doxycycline |
|
|
Thrombocytopenia + eczema + Increased infections + bloody diarrhea
|
Wiskott aldrich
|
|
|
Most common cause of diarrhea in immunosupressed
|
cryptosporidium = persistent nonsuppurative diarrhea
|
|
|
Erythema multiforme+ vesicular ulceration of mucous membranes of eyes and mouth
|
Steven Johnson syndrome = lamotrigine
|
|
|
What is a deadly risk of neonatal thyrotoxicosis
|
risk of hear failure
|
|
|
Most common cause of juvenile hypothyroidism
|
Hashimotos
|
|
|
Constipation, prolonged jaundice, slugishness, poor feeding, apnea, choking, macroglossia, excessive sleeping
|
Congenital hypothyroidism
|
|
|
Deposition of dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate, progressive developmental delay, hepatosplenomegaly, coarse facial features
|
Hurlers = alpha-L-iduronidase deficiency
|
|
|
Asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy
|
Jeune syndrome
|
|
|
Bone age and height age are the same what type of growth delay is it?
|
Constitutional growth delay
|
|
|
Inheritance of achrondoplasia?
|
Autosomal dominant, but most random mutation.
|
|
|
Low calcium, High phosphate, but PTH levels are high. Short delayed bone stature, mental retardation, increased bone density, Short bone 4th and 5th digits, obesity, short neck, perivascular calcification of basal ganglia
|
Pseudohypoparathyroidism = Albright hereditary osteodystrophy
|
|
|
What are immobilized children at risk of developing?
|
Hypercalcemia, nephrocalcinosis, hypertensive encephalopathy, and convulsions
|
|
|
How far back of a picture does HbA1c level go?
|
2 months.
|
|
|
Autosomal recessive deficiency of homogentisic acid oxidase , urine turns black when exposed to air
|
alkaptonuria
|
|
|
Hypoglycemia + hyperinsulinemia no c-peptide
|
exogenous insulin admin
|
|
|
What does vitamin D resistant rickets look like?
|
Renal resorption of PO4 problem, low phosphate, normal Ca, X-linked dominant
|
|
|
Medullary carcinoma from C cells of thyroid
|
excess calcitonin, serum concentrations of calcium and phosphate are normal.
|
|
|
Rash of type II diabetes
|
Acanthosis nigricans around neck
|
|
|
AR, obesity, mental retardation, hypogonadism, polydactly night blindness
|
Laurence-Moon-Biedl
|
|
|
Deficiency of glucocorticoids, mineral corticoids, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia
|
Addison's disease
|
|
|
Holt-orman syndrome
|
hypoplastic radii, thumb abnormalities, cardiac anomaly
|
|
|
Name 4 signs of trisomy 18
|
low set ears, prominut occiput, overlapping fingers, rockerbottom feet, renal anomalies
|
|
|
What are the stages of puberty in men
|
1. testicles enlarge
2. sparse thin pubic hair 3. pubic hair curls 4. resembles adult but not enough |
|
|
oxandrolone
|
anabolic steroid
|
|
|
Systolic ejection murmur when stands up
|
hypertropic cariomyopathy
|
|
|
What is the acronym and meaning for DiGeorge
|
Cardiac anomalies
Abnormal facies Thymic hypoplasia Cleft Palate Hypocalcemia |
|
|
Child ate pork and now has ab pain, nausea, vomiting, malaise
|
Trichanella spiralis, live in muscles as cysts
|
|
|
What is the disease if deficiency of all three major immunoglobins?
|
X-linked agammaglobinemia (bruton's disease) after 3 months simultaneous bouts of otitis media, pneumonia, diarrhea, sinusitis
|
|
|
What type of ulcers are relieved with food?
|
Duodenal ulcers
|
|
|
What do you use to grow E. coli
|
macconkey agar
|
|
|
What do you use to grow gonorrhea?
|
Thayer-martin
|
|
|
In beta thal what is there an increased concentration
|
Hemoglobin A2
|
|
|
Large vascular anomalies, platelet and RBC sequestration in vasculature
|
Kasabach-merritt
|
|
|
What is proper name for stork bite
|
Nevus simplex
|
|
|
What is distribution of nevus flamus, and what should it raise suspicion for
|
nevus flamus along V1 distribution
|
|
|
X-linked, heinz cells, and bite cells
|
G6PD deficiency which is necessary to make glutathione to prevent oxidation
|
|
|
What is treatment for vWF?
|
Use desmopressin and aminocaproic acid interferes with fibrinolysis and stabilizes clots
|
|
|
sunburst pattern =
|
osteosarcoma
|
|
|
Fever, night sweats, malaise, weight loss, pruritis
|
hodkin disease
|
|
|
Hypersegmented nuetrophils
|
folate deficiency
|
|
|
Lots of target cells
|
Hemoglobin C disease
|
