Peds Recall: General

Front 1

What is equation for body surface area?

Back 1

BSA= root ( height[cm] x weight [kg] ) / 60

Front 2

What is the 4:2:1 rule?

Back 2

Maintenance fluids. Give 4mL/kg/hour for first 10kg, 2 for next 10, 1 for next 10.

Front 3

What is important to remember regarding the relationship between BP and dehydration in the infant and child?

Back 3

May be normal BP until severe hydration (15-25%).

Front 4

What is most common cause of isotonic dehydration?

Back 4

GI losses (diarrhea, vomit)

Front 5

Name five symptoms/signs of hypernatremia.

Back 5

1. Lethargy.
2. Irritability.
3. Muscle weakness.
4. Convulsions.
5. Coma.

Front 6

Name two indications for using packed RBCs.

Back 6

1. Correct anemia.
2. Up 02 carrying capacity.

Front 7

When is FFP used?

Back 7

To replace clotting factors.

Front 8

What metabolite need you watch when giving FFP?

Back 8

Calcium, ionized. FFP has lots of citrate that can reduce ionized calcium, esp in infants.

Front 9

What is cryoprecipitate?

Back 9

Factor VIII, vWF, and fibrinogen.

Front 10

What are caloric requirements of healthy term infant? Fluid requirements?

Back 10

100 kcal/kg/day.

150mL/kg/day.

Front 11

What is caloric content of breastmilk and formula?

Back 11

20kcal in each 30mL

Front 12

What supplements are needed in breast feeding child?

Back 12

1. VitD
2. Flouride (after 6 mos)
3. Iron (after 4-6 mos)

Front 13

What two infections are contraindications for breastfeeding?

Back 13

1. HIV/AIDS
2. Active TB.

Front 14

When are solid foods introduced?

Back 14

4-6 mos. Usually iron-fortified single grain cereal.

Front 15

When does breastfeeding stop?

Back 15

Usually by 9 months, almost all by 18 months.

Front 16

What are strict vegetarians at risk for?

Back 16

B12 deficiency.

Front 17

What is D10?

Back 17

10% dextrose in water. 10g per 100mL.

Front 18

What are complications of TPN?

Back 18

1. Infections
2. Hyper/hypo glycemia.
3. Abnl liver fxn b/c cholestasis.
4. Hyperbilirubinemia.
5. Acidosis.

Front 19

Name six common post-op causes of respiratory distress.

Back 19

1. Pulm edema
2. Pneumothorax
3. Pleural effusion
4. Atelectasis
5. Malpositioned ETT
6. Aspiration
(7. Pulm embolus)

Front 20

Name six early signs of respiratory distress.

Back 20

1. Tachypnea
2. Tachycardia
3. Irritability
4. Anxiety
5. Use of accessory muscles.
6. Hypertension.

Front 21

Name five post-traumatic causes of respiratory distress.

Back 21

1. Lung contusion
2. Pneumothorax
3. Hemothorax
4. Airway disruption
5. Diaphragm injury
(6. foreign body)

Front 22

Name six infectious causes of respiratory distress.

Back 22

Pneumonia, pleural effusion, empyema, croup, epiglottitis, bacterial tracheitis

Front 23

Name two causes of respiratory distress from primary lung disease

Back 23

1. Asthma
2. CF

Front 24

What causes cardiogenic shock in kids?

Back 24

1. Intrinsic cardiac disease
2. Toxin mediated failure (drugs or septic mediators)
3. Hyxpoxia (and thus low contractility)

Front 25

What is the ddx of shock in an infant?

Back 25

1. Sepsis
2. Meningitis
3. Pneumonia
4. Heart disease
5. Toxic ingestion
6. Metabolic disorder
7. CAH
8. Posterior urethral valves
9. Dehydration
10. Midgut volvulus

Front 26

What are the five cyanotic heart lesions?

Back 26

1. Tetraology of fallot
2. Tricuspid atresia
3. Transposition of great vessels
4. Truncus arteriosus
5. Total anomalous pulmonary venous return

Front 27

Differentiate between central and peripheral cyanosis.

Back 27

Central=arterial hypoxia usually seen in lips (perioral cyanosis)

Peripheral=poor perfusion, as seen in hypovolemic shock, mostly in the periphery

Front 28

At what age does an infant double his birth weight?

Back 28

5-6 months

Front 29

At what height and weight should a 4 year old be?

Back 29

40 lbs, 40 inches

Front 30

When do teeth erupt?

Back 30

5-8 months

Front 31

When do permanent teeth come in?

Back 31

5-7 years ("6 year molars")

Front 32

What is precious puberty?

Back 32

Onset of puberty before 8 (girls) or 9 (boys).

Front 33

What four things are measured on Denver Developmental scale?

Back 33

Gross motor, fine motor, language, personal-social

Front 34

What are types of developmental delay?

Back 34

1. mental retardation (50-70=mild, 35-50=moderate, 20-35=severe, below 20 is profound)

2. speech/language delay

Front 35

What is ADHD?

Back 35

Syndrome of inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity.

Front 36

What is PDD?

Back 36

Pervasive developmental disorder. A spectrum of chronic nonprogressive developmental disabilities involving impairments in social interaction, communication, and behavior.

Autism is a form, as is Aspberger's (like Autism but without IQ or language problems, just social; Asperger's kids WANT to make friends but dont pick up on social cues).

Front 37

What are characteristics of autistic kids?

Back 37

1. ritualistic
2. stereotyped motor mannerisms
3. preoccupation with objects
4. don't point
5. don't play with other kids

Front 38

In what parts of country is pellagra common?

Back 38

Corn fed parts. Corn has little tryptophan, which is necessary to make vitamin B3 (niacin), which when deficiency causes pellagra (diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia).

Front 39

What is treacher collins syndrome?

Back 39

normal intelligence, facial abnormalities, malar hypoplasia, micrognathia, abnormally shaped ears, hearing loss, autosomal dominant

Front 40

What are the two phases of iron overdose?

How does OD happen?

How do you treat?

Back 40

1. GI phase - abd pain, vomiting, bloody diarrhea

(latent period of 12 hours)

2. CV collapse

Most common OD b/c infant gets into prenatal vitamins.

Deferoxamine, which chelates it and turns your urine red.

Front 41

OD of vitamin:
A,D,C, nicotinic acid, pyroxidine

Back 41

A-increased ICP, skin drying, hyperostosis

D-nausea, diarrhea, calcification of heart

C-kidney stones, diarrhea, cramps, increased C requirement when stop

nicotinic acid-flushing, vasodilation

pyroxidine (B6) -neuropathy

Front 42

What is fetal hydantoin syndrome?

Back 42

Prenatal exposure to phenytoin (a hydantoin).

Pre and postnatal growth retardation, hypoplasia of distal phalanges/nails, alternations in CNS performance.

Front 43

Mother who have lupus have babies who are at risk for what?

Back 43

1. cardiac abnormalities (HEART BLOCK)
2. skin lesions

Front 44

What vitamin do sickle cell disease patients need to take? Measles? Phenytoin users?

Back 44

Folate, b/c making lots of RBCs that get destroyed.

VitA

Folate

Front 45

What organ is damaged in galactosemia and fructosemia?

Back 45

Liver, by accumulation of reducing substrates

Front 46

What is Noonan syndrome?

Back 46

principal features include congenital Heart Malformation, short stature, learning problems, indentation of the chest, impaired blood clotting, and a characteristic configuration of facial features

25% are retarded

Called the "male Turner's snydome"

Front 47

Once a baby is diagnosed with CF, what should his siblings do?

Back 47

Get tested, not by sweat test, but by DNA analysis - thus they can know if 1) affected and 2) carrier.

Front 48

Prolonged jaundice in newborn links to what endocrine disorder?

Back 48

Hypothyroidism, congenital