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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Conception to 6 weeks gestation
Lung bud appears followed by 2 branches Airway branching begins Pulmonary arteries perfuse lung tissue What stage? |
Embryonic Stage
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7 to 16 weeks gestation
Diaphragm develops (7 weeks) Airway branching continues to the terminal bronchi Muscle, elastic tissue, and cartilage forms Mucus glands form What Stage? |
Pseudoglandular Stage
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17 to 26 weeks gestation
Airways bud into pouches Pulmonary capillaries proliferate Formation of alveolar ducts Appearance of Type I and Type II pneumocytes Immature surfactant present (24 weeks) What Stage? |
Canalicular Stage
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“Alveolar” stage
27 weeks to term Appearance of alveoli Appearance of mature surfactant What Stage? |
Terminal Sac Stage
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Respiratory tract
Epithelium of digestive tract Primary tissue of the liver and pancreas What Germ Layer? |
ENDODERM
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Cardiovascular System
Dermis and Muscles Bone and connective tissue Reproductive organs What Germ Layer? |
MESODERM
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Epidermis
Hair, nails Lens of the eye Central and peripheral nervous system Skin glands What Germ Layer? |
ECTODERM
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Appears with development of Type II pneumocytes ?
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Surfactant
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Surfactant is composed of?
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Composed of phospholipids: phosphatidylcholine (PC) phosphatidylglycerol (PG)
Neutral lipids Proteins |
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Function of Surfactant (3)?
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Reduces surface tension in alveoli of lungs
Prevents alveolar collapse Requires less pressure to keep alveoli open |
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On inspiration, surfactant _____, allows for passive exhalation, allowing surface tension to constrict alveoli back to smaller size?
thickens or thins |
thins
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Sampling_______ can predict lung maturity?
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amniotic fluid
Compare PC levels (lecithin) to Sphingomyelin levels |
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Contributes to amniotic fluid
Secreted by fetal lung that acts like a gland Maintains patency of developing airways Plays role in formation of potential airspaces Approximately 20-30 ml/kg of fluid at term Taken up by lymphatics after birth What am I? |
Fetal Lung Fluid?
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Provides nutrients to the fetus
Receives O2 and Rids CO2 Removes waste from fetus What am I? |
Placenta
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carries oxygenated blood from placenta to fetus?
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Umbilical vein
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carry deoxygenated blood from fetus to placenta?
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Umbilical arteries
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Fetal Heart Rate (FHR) ?
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140-120 b/min on avg.
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Assessing Fetal Status can detect?
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placental insufficiency
Detects compression of the umbilical cord and bradycardia |
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Causes of Abnormal FHR?
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Tachycardia or Bradycardia (with decelerations) results from asphyxia
Tachycardia (without decelerations) results from fever, anemia, hyperthyroidism, infection, hypovolemia Bradycardia (without decelerations) results from congenital heart block, oxytocin, propanolol |
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Common Maternal High Risk Factors (8)?
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Low income/housing
Unwed Minority Maternal age under 16 years Weight Smoking/Drug use Previous history Diabetes/endocrine disorders |
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Regular contractions to full dilation of cervix, 16-18 hr average
What labor Stage? |
Stage I
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Full dilation of cervix to delivery of fetus, 1hr average
What labor stage? |
Stage II
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Delivery of fetus to delivery of the placenta, 3-4 min average
What labor stage? |
Stage III
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process of stopping labor?
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Tocolysis
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Pharmacologic tocolytics
Terbutaline and Ritodrine used as? |
smooth muscle relaxants
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Pharmacologic tocolytics
Magnesium sulfate used as? |
anticonvulsant
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Pharmacologic tocolytics
Nifedipine used as? |
Calcium channel blocker
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Dystocia?
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Prolonged and difficult labor
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Present when stage I and II exceeds 20 hours?
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Dystocia
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Causes of Dystocia?
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Uterine dysfunction
Abnormal fetal presentation Excessive fetal size Abnormality in size or shape of birth canal |
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umbilical cord passes through the cervix into the birth canal before the fetus this is called?
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Prolapse
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umbiblical cord between fetus and maternal pelvis?
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Compression
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Problems With Umbilical Cord can cause?
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hypoxia that can lead to asphyxia
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Implantation of embryo in the lower portion of the uterus?
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Placenta Previa
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3 varieties or placenta previa?
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Low- does not cover cervical opening
Partial- covers portion of cervical opening Total- completely covers cervical opening |
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Abruptio Placentae?
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Premature separation of placenta from the uterine wall
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Most common cause is preeclampsia (maternal hypertension)
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Abruptio Placentae
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Stimulates premature labor
Fetal mortality is 50% |
Abruptio Placentae
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