Peds - Gu

Front 1

Clinical manifestation of labial adhesion

Back 1

-Benign condition in which the labia minora are fused

Front 2

Population in which labial adhesions are seen most in

Back 2

-Preadolescent low-estrogen states

Front 3

Management of labial adhesions

Back 3

-Observation
-Week long application of topical estrogen

Front 4

Clinical signs of estrogen withdrawal in a newborn girl

Back 4

-Bloody, grayish vaginal discharge

Front 5

Management of estrogen discharge in a newborn girl

Back 5

-None; observation and reassurance

Front 6

Clinical manifestations of prune belly syndrome

Back 6

-Wrinkled, big belly
-Dilated Urinary Tract
-Undescended testes
-Club feet
-Renal dysplasia
-Pulmonary Hypoplasia
-Malrotation

Front 7

Diagnosing Goodpastures Syndrome

Back 7

-Biopsy of kidney finding antibodies to basement membrane

Front 8

Clinical manifestations of congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

Back 8

-Hereditary Condition
-Large volumes of dilute urine

Front 9

Onset of congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

Back 9

-Exists at birth but usually presents after few months with excessive thirst, frequent voids, FTT

Front 10

Management of congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

Back 10

-Fluids
-Saluretic medication that eliminate sodium

Front 11

Specific (lab) and Non-specific (clinical) findings of Fanconi Syndrome

Back 11

Non-Specific:
-Anorexia
-Polyuria and Polydipsia
-Vomiting
-Fever

Specific:
-Glocusria..but normal serum glucose
-High urine pH w/ metabolic acidosis
-microalbuminuria..but normal serum protein/albumin

Front 12

Causes of Fanconi Syndrome

Back 12

-Hereditary: associated w/ Wilson's, Galactosemia

-Acquired: Medications like aminoglycosides

Front 13

Define phimosis and difference between physiologic and pathologic

Back 13

Phimosis - inability to retract foreskin

-Normal in first 3 years of life; may accumulate cellular debris which is fine too

-After 3 years of age it is considered pathologic

Front 14

Define Paraphimosis

Back 14

-Painful condition where the foreskin gets retracted and trapped behind the glans and can't be relocated due to edema

Front 15

Grading of Vesicoureteral Reflux

Back 15

Grade 1 - reflux into undialated ureters

Grade 2 - reflux into undilated ureters and collecting system

Grade 3 - reflux into dilated ureter and collecting systemi

Grade 4- Grade III + blunting of calyces

Grade 5 - Grade 4 + tortuosity and greater dilatation

Front 16

Management of Vesicoureteral Reflux

Back 16

Grade 1, 2: Daily low-dose antibiotics, observation, UA and culture every 3 months

Grade 5: surgical reimplantation

Between grades - uncertain

Front 17

Clinical manifestation of posterior urethral valve

Back 17

-Newborn with large bladder and palpable kidney

-Weak urinary stream

Front 18

Complications of posterior urethral valve

Back 18

-UTI
-Sepsis

Front 19

Clinical manifestations of uretheropelvic junction obstruction

Back 19

-Pain
-Mass
-Hydronephrosis

Front 20

Kidney anomalies that are typically asymptomatic in children

Back 20

-Duplication of collecting system
-Horseshoe kidney

Front 21

Clinical presentation of lobar nephronia

Back 21

-Severity lies between pyelonephritis and abscess

-Presents like pyelonephritis but with fever and symptoms that don't resolve on regular PO antibiotics that are used for pyelonephritis

Front 22

Best diagnostic tool for acute lober nephronia

Back 22

-CT scan - wedge shaped area in kidney

Front 23

Management of lobar nephronia

Back 23

-Prolonged IV antibiotics followed by PO antibiotics

Front 24

Complication that is eliminated in child who has surgery for an undescended testicle

Back 24

-Less risk of torsion however it does nothing for the increased risk of malignancy, and decreased sperm count

Front 25

Type of urine collection that insures no cross-contamination and a clean catch has occured

Back 25

-Suprapubic tab

Front 26

Clinical manifestations of hemolytic uremic syndrome

Back 26

-Under age of 4 years old
-Microangiopathic Anemia
-Thrombocytopenia
-Renal Insufficiency due to renal endothelial injury

Front 27

Causes of red urine

Back 27

-Meds (Phenolphthaeline, Phenindione
-Beet ingestion
-Kool-Aid
-Hematuria
-Myoglobinuria

Front 28

Most common cause of acute scrotal pain in young boys without any history of trauma

Back 28

-Testicular torsion

Front 29

First step in management of testicular torsion

Back 29

Immediate surgery consult to explore and salvage testes

Front 30

Clinical presentation of epididymitis

Back 30

-Gradual onset of pain
-Normal size and position
-Warmth
-Redness
-Tender

Front 31

Clinical manifestations of vulvovaginitis

Back 31

-Burning, pain upon urination
-Odorous, brown-green vaginal discharge

Front 32

Causes of vulvovaginitis

Back 32

-Most cases due to chemical contact: Soaps, Lotions, Fabrics, Perfumes

Front 33

Clinical manifestations of HSP

Back 33

-Rash: extensor surfaces, buttocks
-Arthalgia/Arthiritis
-Edema
-GI Bleeds, Abdominal Pain
-ACUTE renal failure

Front 34

Prognosis of HSP

Back 34

-Excellent overall prognosis with only a small percentage going on to end-stage renal disease

Front 35

Presentation of varicocele

Back 35

-"bag of worms appearance"
-not painful but can become tender with excercise

Front 36

Causes of varicocele

Back 36

-Dilatation of the veins of the pampiniform venous plexus
-More common on left side

Front 37

Management of varicocele in an adolescent

Back 37

-Watch and wait

Front 38

Cause of a hydrocele

Back 38

Accumulation of fluid in the tunica vagnialis

Front 39

Management of hydrocele

Back 39

-Common condition in first year of life and usually resolve spontaneously on their own

Front 40

Most common type of heriditary nephritis

Back 40

Alport's Syndrome

Front 41

Clinical manifestations of Alport's Syndrome

Back 41

-Hematuria
-Deafness
-Ocular Problems
-ESRD

Front 42

Most common causes of nephritic syndrome in adults

Back 42

-Membranous glomerulopathy

Front 43

Categories of nocturnal enuresis

Back 43

-Primary: never had a dry night

-Secondary: had few dry months then started wetting

Front 44

Cause of most cases of nocturnal enuresis

Back 44

-Most cases have no identified cause

Front 45

Sex more common to have nocturnal enuresis

Back 45

Boys

Front 46

Medications for nocturnal enuresis

Back 46

-Desmopression - but it is not a cure as the wetting returns after discontinuing

Front 47

First step in managing a newborn with oligohydraminos and respiratory distress

Back 47

-Renal U/S

Front 48

Complications associated with oligohydraminos

Back 48

-Pulmonary Hypoplasia
-Renal Abnormality
-Clubbing of feet

Front 49

Clinical presentation of Bartter Syndrome

Back 49

-Between 6 and 12 months old
-FTT
-Constipation
-Vomting
-Weakness
-Polyuria

Front 50

Lab findings in Barrter Syndrome

Back 50

-Hypokalemia
-Hypercalcuria
-Hyperaldosternism
-Hyperreninemia
-Alkalosis