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83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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lymphoid hyperplasia with telescoping of the proximal into distal
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intussusception
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symptoms of intussusception
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acute onset of colicky pain with knees drawn up
crying, irritability, lethargy vomitting, fever, currant jjelly stool |
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Symptoms of rotavirus
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vomiting 3-4 days
diarrhea 7-10 d dehydration |
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Symptoms of giardia diarrhea
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anorexia, nausea, glatulence, abdominal distention, weight loss
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How do you treat giardia?
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quinacrin, metro
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Rotavirus treatment
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supportive care
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intresting finding in salmonella
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rose spots on abdomen
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Fluorosis
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mottled enamel: white to brown patched & hypoplasia from high fluoride
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what abx causes tooth dicoloration
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tetracycline
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What are some causes of delayed tooth eruption?
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hypopituitarism, hypothyroidism, trisomy 21, rickets
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What bugs cause dental carries?
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strep mutans - adheres to enamel, makes acid
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What is the rule of 10s for cleft lip correction?
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10 weeks
10 lbs 10mg/dL Hb |
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What are associated problems with cleft lip?
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increase in otitis media, hearing loss, speech problems, need special nipple for feeding
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What is the most common cause of diarrhea in infancy?
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rotavirus
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causes of acute diarrhea in infancy
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GE, systemic infection, Abx
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causes of acute diarrhea in chilhood
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GE, food posioning, systemic infection
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causes of acute diarrhea in adolescent
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GE, food posioning, systemic infection
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causes of chronic diarrhea in infancy?
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post infectious, lactase deficiency, milk/soy intolerance, chronic diarrhea of infancy, celiac, CF
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causes of chronic diarrhea in childhood
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post infectious, lactase deficiency, IBS, celiac, lactose intolerance, Giardiasis, IBD
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Causes of chronic diarrhea in adolscent
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IBS, IBD, lactose intolerance, giardiasis, laxative abuse
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What are the bugs that cause bloody diarrhea?
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CASES
Campylobacter Amoeba hystolytica Shigella E Coli Salmonella |
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What bugs cause acute diarrhea
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Campylobacter, Enteroinvasive E coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, C diff, E Coli O157H7
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What viruses cause acute diarrhea
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ROTA, enteric adenovirus, norwalkd
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What parasites cause acute diarrhea?
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Giardia -MC
E histolytica, Strongylodies, Cryptospridium |
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Rotavirus
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watery diarrhea, emesis, fever
supportive therapy |
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Enteropathic E coli
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daycare
supportive therapy |
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Enterotoxigenic e coli
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traveler's diarrhea
trimethoprim sulfate or methoxazole in severe cases |
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Enterohemorrhagic E coli
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HUS
abx increases HUS |
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Salmonella
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eggs, milk, poultry
txtmnt if less than 3 or s typhi |
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shigella
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person to person
trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole |
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Campylobacter
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self limiting - erythromycin decreases carrier state & dysentery
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Yersinia enterocolitica
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pets - arthritis/rash
aminoglycoside/ 3rd gen cef to prevent septicemia in less that 3 |
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C diff
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abx use
metronidazole or vancomycin |
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Staph aureus
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food posioning
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Entamoeba histolytica
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bloody
metronidazle |
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giardia
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cysts in stool
metronidazole |
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cyrptosporidium
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worse in immunocompromised
best to raise CD4 |
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What is schwachman diamond syndrome?
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pancreatic insufficiency
neutropenia malabsorption |
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What is the best screening tool for fat in stool?
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sudan red
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What is intestinal lymphangiectasis?
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lymph fluid leaks into bowel lumen
steatorrhea protein losing enteropathy |
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Disaccharide deficiency?
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osmotic diarrhea
acidic stools |
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Abetalipoproteinemia
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severe fat malabsorption from brith
acanthocyes very low plasma cholesterol & triglycerides |
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What is the breath hydrogen test for?
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after know CHO load test amt of H in breath to determine type of carb malabsorption
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with protein loss check what?
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alpha 1 antitrypsin
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What is celiac dz
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gluten intolerance
antigliadin Ab |
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What is VACTERL?
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Vertebral
Anal Cardiac Tracho-Esophageal Renal Limb |
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what is the presentation of TE fistula?
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cough/gagging with feeds, cyanosis, respiratory distress
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When do you notice TE fistula?
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with first feed
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What do you see on XR with TE fistula?
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air distended stomach
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What is the prognosis for GERD?
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most resolves by 12-24 mo
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What do you tx GERD with in kids?
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prokinetics - metaclopramide, erythromycin, bethanacal
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How do you dx GERD?
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barium esophagram, upper GI, pH probe, endoscopy
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What is the clinical presentation of pyloric stenosis?
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non-bilious projectile vomitting at 3 weeks old
still hungry |
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Who gets pyloric stenosis
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1st born males - caucasian
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what is the acid base status of child with pyloric stenosis?
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dehydrated
hypochloremic, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis |
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What is the presentation of duodenal atresia?
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bilious vomiting
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What do you see duodenal atresia with?
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downs
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What else do you look for with duodenal atresia?
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malrotation, esophageal atresia, CHD, anorectal malformation, renal anomalies
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What is the presentation of duodenal atresia?
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bilious vomitting without abdominal distention on the 1st day of life
polyhydramnios & jaundice |
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What do you see on XR?
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double bubble with no distal bowel gas
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How do you treat duodenal atresia?
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nasogastric decompression, IV fluids, surgery
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What is the ddx for duodenal atresia?
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annular pancreas, malrotation, volvulus
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What is the presentation of jejunal or ileal atresia?
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day one of life bile stained emesis with abdominal distention
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What does XR show with jejunal or ileal atresia?
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air fluid levels
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What can a delay in treating volvulus result in?
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short bowel syndrome
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What causes malrotation/volvulus?
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incomplete rotation of intestine
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What is the axis for intestinal rotation?
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superior mesenteric artery
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What is the clinical presentation of volvulus/malrotation?
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bilious emesis, recurrent abdominal pain with emesis
acute small bowel obstruction |
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What will ultrasound show?
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inversion of superior mesenteric artery & vein (vein is left of artery)
duodenal obstruction with thickened bowel loops to the right of the spine |
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What is meckels diverticulum?
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remnant of omphalomesenteric or vitelline duct with ectopic tissues
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What is the rule of 2s?
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2 yo
2% of population 2 types of tissues 2cm long 2 ft from ileocecal valve |
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What is the presentation of meckels?
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painless rectal bleeding
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What is intussusception?
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telescoping most ileal colic
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What is presentation of intussusception?
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2<yo following adeno or rota
associated with henoch schonlein purpura currant jelly stools! sudden onset of severe paroxysmal colicky abdominal pain, straining, flexed legs, lethargy, shock, fever |
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PE for intussusception?
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sausage shape in RUQ
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other causes of GI bleed?
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anal fissure
accidental swallowing of maternal blood peptic ulcers |
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Dx of intussusception
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barium enema both diagnostic & therapeutic
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What are the dzs included in IBD?
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chrons ulcerative colits
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What is the presentation of chrons
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fever, arthritis, weight loss, abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea
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What do you see in the intestines with chrons
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can occur anywhere - skip lesions
cobblestone mucosa fistulas |
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what is the presentation of ulcerative colits
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bloody diarrhea with mucus, abdominal pain
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what do you see in the gut with ulcerative colits?
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colon only, lead pipe, toxic megacolon, risk of colon cancer
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what is the most common cause of bowel obstruction in neonates?
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hirschsprungs
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